Ph.D. Theses
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Browsing Ph.D. Theses by Author "Balcıoğlu, Işıl."
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Item Destruction of antimicrobial contaminants in water and waste sludge with chemical oxidation processes(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2013., 2013.) Öncü, Nalan Bilgin.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Destruction of antimicrobial contamination in both water and sewage sludge was investigated in the thesis. In the first part of the study, the effectiveness of three oxidation processes –chlorination, ozonation, and heterogeneous photocatalysis– on the destruction of a resistance carrier bacterial plasmid DNA isolated from E. Coli were compared and the relative superiority of ozonation or heterogeneous photocatalysis over conventional chlorination was demonstrated. Although the nano-fiber-TiO2 that was prepared in the study did not provide better plasmid DNA destruction compared to commercial TiO2-P25, the material is promising for facilitated catalyst separation from the treated water. In the second part of the study, simultaneous degradation of two model antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in secondary sewage sludge, was investigated by the application of (i) ozonation, (ii) hydrogen peroxide oxidation assisted with microwave irradiation (MW/H2O2), iii) persulfate oxidation assisted with microwave irradiation (MW/S2O8 2-), and (iv) persulfate oxidation activated with ferrous iron and conventional heating (Fe2+/heat/S2O8 2-). While under appropriate conditions all of the processes provided >95% antibiotic degradation along with sludge solubilization, they offer different benefits for waste sludge treatment. Ozonation was found to be more effective to treat the sludge with low content of total solid (TS=2.5 g/L), while the desorption of the antibiotics was required to achieve high rate of degradation at high solid content (10 g/L) of the sludge. On the other hand, owing to the desorption ability of MW in the MW/H2O2 and MW/S2O8 2- processes, and owing to the complexation of the antibiotics with iron in the Fe2+/heat/S2O8 2- process, concurrent antibiotic desorption and degradation was achieved in sludge with high TS (10 g/L). MW/S2O8 2- provided exceptional metal solubilization, considerably enhanced sludge filterability within the shortest treatment time. Along with considerable metal solubilization, the Fe2+/heat/S2O8 2- process resulted in phosphorus precipitation, which can potentially increase the fertilizer value of the sludge.Item Removal of antibiotics from animal waste by chemical oxidation processes(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Uslu, Havva Merih Ötker.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Concern about antibiotic contamination in the environment is growing worldwide because it promotes development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities. The study mainly focused on the complete elimination of antibiotics in animal wastes within short time periods to protect their spread on agricultural fields through fertilization. Ozone, Fenton’s reagent, and persulfate oxidants were applied to cow manure contaminated with oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine directly or after the pretreatment with magnesium salt which was applied to desorp oxytetracycline from the manure prior to oxidation. Almost the complete removal of antibacterials in manure was attained by all oxidation processes with the preceding magnesium salt pretreatment. Among the investigated oxidation processes, heat activated persulfate oxidation was the only process which was able to remove antibiotics completely from the manure under the applied experimental conditions. Pretreatment with magnesium salt was not essential for the efficient removal of oxytetracycline by subsequent Fenton and persulfate oxidation processes as it was for ozonation process. The use of bedding materials did not significantly affect the efficiencies of magnesium salt desorption and oxidation processes. Ozone and persulfate oxidation were effective in the removal of antibiotics from animal feeding wastewater with the production of almost non-toxic and biodegradable by-products.|Keywords: Advanced oxidation, antibiotics, animal waste, manure.