Ph.D. Theses
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Browsing Ph.D. Theses by Author "Bilgin, Raşit."
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Item Comparison of traditional and computer - based instruction on the theme of recycling(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2017., 2017.) Canca, Deniz.; Bilgin, Raşit.In today's development, the general objective is achievement of desired progress on one hand and maintenance of good quality living conditions on the other. The sustainability of these goals depends on our relationship with the environment and how well we take care of it as we progress technologically. In this context, environmental education has crucial importance. This study aims to determine what kind of an instructional design should be implemented for teaching the recycling topic efficiently. This research compares traditional and computer-based instructional designs on the theme of recycling, each having the same content and flowchart. The effects of these two instructional designs on learning are evaluated based on comprehension and attitude outputs of the study group consisting of 3rd grade primary school students. Findings note that the performance of the groups increased with both designs. However, the results show that neither one of the instructional designs lead to a greater impact than the other one on achievement. It is concluded that recycling can be taught in either design, depending on the conditions of the learners and the learning environment.Item Phylogeography and evolutionary history of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and picarel (Spicara spp.) along the Turkish coastal waters(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Şalcıoğlu, Aslı Şükriye.; Bilgin, Raşit.In this study, the effects of the Turkish Straits System (TSS) on the evolutionary history and phylogeography of Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena, and Merlangius merlangus were investigated. The results of the study indicated that the distinction of the three taxa under Spicara is possible with three different mtDNA markers, e.g. (16S, CO1, cyt-b). S. maena and S. flexuosa were also analyzed using a partial fragment of the nuclear IRBP gene. Molecular results showed that Spicara flexuosa was significantly more common in the Turkish coastal waters, when compared to S. maena. Morphological measurements revealed that the S. maena samples were smaller than the S. flexuosa samples. An absence of genetic structure between subpopulations from Turkey indicate the connectivity of the Spicara flexuosa populations, suggesting that the TSS is a corridor for gene flow for this species. Considering Merlangius merlangus, the mitochondrial DNA (CO1, cyt-b) genes and nuclear DNA (RAG1) gene were used. The results confirmed the existence of two subspecies in the sampling sites used in this study, based on mitochondrial DNA results, one in Turkish coastal waters and Greece (M. m. euxinus), and the other (M. m. merlangus) in Atlantic. High levels of genetic differentiation was observed along the Turkish coastal waters based on the cyt-b gene, suggesting that TSS potentially represents a barrier to dispersal for this species. As the whiting populations in the Black Sea were found to belong to different stocks when compared to those in the Aegean, separate conservation strategies are necessary for their protection.Item The phylogeographic history, taxonomy and conservation of two cave-dwelling bat species : Miniopterus schreibersii and myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera: vespertilionidae)(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Gürün, Kanat.; Bilgin, Raşit.Miniopterus schreibersii and Myotis capaccinii are two cave-dwelling bat species with subcosmopolitan distributions, which are well-suited for phylogeographic studies at large geographic scales. In this study, the social and genetic structure of Miniopterus schreibersii was investigated using nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers, and the taxonomy and phylogeography of Myotis capaccinii was examined using mitochondrial DNA data, using samples from the entire circum-Mediterranean range of these species. Local genetic structuring previously detected among populations of Miniopterus schreibersii using mitochondrial markers was not observed for microsatellite markers, indicating male-biased dispersal. Some support was found for the fifth paradigm of postglacial expansions in Europe, which states that Anatolia might have been a primary refugium during the last glacial maxima. Regarding Myotis capaccinii, all analyses revealed the existence of three haplogroups, B, C1 and C2. The divergence of haplogroup B from C haplogroups was dated to 350,000 years BP and divergence of C1 and C2 to 130,000 years BP, indicating isolation and differentiation during multiple glacial periods. Individuals from haplogroups B and C1 were found sympatrically in the same cave, suggesting they might represent distinct species. Similarly, the C1 – C2 divergence might indicate subspecific differentiation. However, analyses of nuclear markers and phenotypic characters are required to make further subspecific and specific recommendations. Species distribution models predicted a northward movement of potentially suitable areas for Myotis capaccinii in the near future due to climate change, thus the implementation of proper environmental measures is of utmost importance for the conservation of this species complex.Item Transcriptional responses to long-term salinity stress and acclimation in Mytilus galloprovincialis from Bosphorus(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2021., 2021.) İçağasıoğlu, Elif.; Bilgin, Raşit.; Furman, Andrzej.Mytilus galloprovincialis is an ideal model organism for studying adaptation, as it can inhabit highly variable environments. We examined its acclimation to chronic and gradual long-term salinity stress. Gene expression, pathway and gene set enrichment analyzes were used with RNA-Seq with de novo transcriptome. In our results, low salinity was observed to be correlated with high energy expenditure. Cholinergic ciliary stimulation and calcium signalling were involved. Volume regulation was enhanced by nitrogen metabolism and alterations of membrane permeability. Arachidonic acid metabolism and Na+/K+ pump were inversely regulated with salinity in this context. Genes involved in the synthesis of serine, proline, glycine, ornithine and betaine were also regulated. Protein turnover and nucleotide metabolism were also inversely regulated with salinity. In addition to these regulations, some of the observed metabolic regulations are associated with cancereous cells, as well. Parallel to energy requirement, aerobic and anaerobic respiration genes were parallely regulated, as well as genes of reciprocally regulated processes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Although there are many types/causes of cancer, there are common adaptations that support survival and proliferation, such as apoptosis suppression and the aforementioned metabolic regulations. In addition, in our study, parallel with these metabolic regulations, p53 and p63 originated apoptosis were triggered with participation of TP53 apoptosis effector (PERP), TLRs and TNFSF14. Understanding genes and pathways that triggers apoptosis in this context in our study, and investigating their projections in humans, may be important in our understanding of cancer and in developing therapeutic and protective products such as vaccines.