M.S. Theses
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Browsing M.S. Theses by Author "Akkoyunlu, Atilla."
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Item An investigation of the water efficiency credits in international green building assessment systems and a roadmap for their implementations in Turkey(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2010., 2010.) Yağcıoğlu, Mustafa Hamit.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.Sustainable development is one of the major issues for our developing world. Building construction and operation constitute a vital element in sustainable development, having irreversible impacts on the environment regarding the consumption of raw materials, potable water use, energy use, atmospheric emissions and waste generation. Building environmental assessment methods have emerged in order to control and evaluate such environmental effects of buildings and assess the building performance across a broad range of environmental considerations. Water efficiency is a key subject in every green building assessment system and is gradually becoming more important than it was in the past. Regarded as the primary assessment systems, BREEAM and LEED measure water efficiency in their own ways. The approaches of both rating systems can be classified under three main categories which are the reduction of potable water use in sanitary applications and recycled water usage, the reduction of potable water usage on landscaping and water consumption monitoring and leakage control. In this thesis, the methods of BREEAM and LEED on water efficiency are deeply investigated and compared through these three main subjects with a thorough analysis of individual credits. Then, the applicability in Turkey is discussed indicating the implementations, Turkish standards and potential opportunities. This research aims not only to be a roadmap for the forthcoming projects intended to be certified under international green building assessment systems, but also to be a pioneer for the prospective studies that aim to analyze the environmental assessment systems.Item Green campus application: Boğaziçi University(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2019., 2019.) Okutan, Pelin.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.The aim of this thesis is to investigate smart city, smart campus and green campus applications all around the world and Turkey while introducing green campus initia tives and applications to Bo˘gazic¸i University. Increase in population depletes natural resources by increasing energy use and water use. In order to preserve and maintain limited natural resources, green and smart initiatives must be taken. Current use of resources is investigated by conducting water footprint analysis and solid waste char acterization of students of Bog˘azi¸ci University. Zero-waste campus applications with the least consumption preferences, energy and water efficient appliances are preferred while introducing smoke-free campus initiatives to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and water footprint. Solar panels and rainwater harvesting studies are performed to benefit from the sun and rain available in nature. Disability-friendly and pet-friendly campus applications are also studied to create an adaptive, connected campus for the benefit of every member in the campus. Lastly, attendance system with face recogni tion technique is introduced and studied to save time and decrease fraudulent actions. Furthermore, green campus initiatives are studied in terms of their economic and en vironmental benefits, system implementation and installation. Campuses are small representations of the cities, and young minds have the power of shaping the future. This is why green initiatives at campus level allow testing applicability and adaptability in city level.Item Hydraulic design of borland fish lock for Ordu Turnasuyu hydro electric power plant(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2019., 2019.) Meşe, Afşın.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.The adverse impacts of artificial(man-made) obstacles such as dams and weirs on aquatic organisms have long been known. These artificial obstacles are critical threats especially to migratory species. Today these obstacles and threats can be made passable by the construction of fish passes. While the construction of fish passages does not remove the main ecological damage caused by dams, such as the loss of river continuum or river habitat, the negative ecological impact of barriers is reduced to a certain point and ecological compatibility is increased[1]. Fish passes are facilitates that enable the migration of aquatic organisms over obstructions to upstream or downstream or both direction[1]. Construction of a fish pass is the most common and reliable way for restoring the longitudinal connectivity of rivers. There are many types of fish passes that are being applied at present such as technical fish passes, close to nature type fish passes, fish locks and fish lifts. In this study general information about all types of fish passes mainly titled as close-to-nature types of fish passes, technical fish passes and fish lifts will be given and Borland Fish Locks will be investigated and mentioned in detail. The main purpose of this study is to emphasize the challenges of designing a fish pass for a high height dam or weir and to design a Borland fish lock, which has never been done before in Turkey, for Turnasuyu Hydropower Plant Project which will be installed on Turnasuyu River in Ordu. Also research studies that were done before were investigated in detail to understand the behavior of salmonids in order to make assumptions for the design parameters. These design parameters are given in detail in Chapter 4.Item Modeling Sapanca lake with one and two layer pamolare model for evaluation of water quality(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2009., 2009.) Rahmanlar, Musa.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.Lake Sapanca is one of the major water resources supplying drinking water of northwestern Turkey. The determination of water quality of drinkable water resources is so crucial. There are lots of methods to estimate the water quality. In recent years, mathematical models become so popular for investigation of the water quality. In this research, limiting element which is so important for eutrophication is determined by using nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. Beside that, Vollenweider method and probabilistic approaches used to determine trophic character of Lake Sapanca. To see the relation between phosphorus and chlorophyll-a non linear regression is applied. The thermal stratficiation is investigated by using temperature profile of lake then epilimnion and hypolimnion depth is determined. Lastly, dynamic model named as PAMOLARE used for evaluation water quality of Sapanca Lake. PAMOLARE is a model which is estimating future characteristics of lake by using past data and input loads. Two types models were used; namely: 1-Layer PAMOLARE model and 2-Layer PAMOLARE model. 1-Layer Model assumes that lake is well mixed and no stratification occurs in lake. 1-Layer Model makes estimation by using lake morphology and assuming a constant nutrient loading. 2- Layer Model is more complex model. This model separates lake to two layers as hypolimnion and epilimnion. The mathematical formulas are applied differently to two layers. Beside that 2-Layer Model uses daily environmental data and estimates future data by using these past environmental data. In the construction process of model, general behavior of lake was described. Missing data was obtained by curve fitting programs. Solar intensity, epilimnion and hypolimnion layers depth were described by the physical properties of lake. And different results are obtained according to different scenarios. As a conclusion, water quality of Sapanca Lake is investigated and the PAMOLARE models have been successfully applied to determine future in-lake parameters.Item Performance of Paşaköy Wastewater Treatment Plant(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2010., 2010.) Kutlu, Ufuk.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.Ömerli Dam Reservoir is one of the major water resources supplying drinking water of Istanbul. Almost about 40% percentage of drinking water of Istanbul is supplied by Ömerli Dam Reservoir. Due to rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial development and insufficient infrastructure, Ömerli watershed is highly affected by the wastewater discharges from the residential areas and industrial plants. In order to protect the dam against pollution Paşaköy Wastewater Treatment Plant was constructed in 2000, and to extend the capacity, the second phase initiated in 2004 and completed in 2009. All of the process units are investigated for the whole plant, and the operation of the plant is acceptable due to advanced biological treatment plant standards. The influent and effulent parameters of the plant investigated and ploted. The parameters which are biological oxygen demand(BOD5), suspended solids(SS), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus are investigated and analysed between January 2007 and October 2010. The data indicated that the effluent parameters reach sufficient values according to design effluent parameters of the plant and they were under the limit values of Water Pollution and Control Regulations. After analyses and calculations, it can be said that removing load capacity of the plant is in high levels. Also a proposed model applied for the plant. There was a high correlation between the actual values of the laboratory analysis and predicted values of the model. This leads to use this model in order to forecast the performance of the plant under varying influent loads. Also it can be used as a tool for the plant operator to choose different operational modes without not spending much time. By Paşaköy WWTP ,the most polluted creek Paşaköy which used to flow untreated in to the dam, reaches the Riva Stream with a 6 km tunnel and discharged to the Black Sea. Thus, high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus which are the nutrients mostly cause the eutrophication, is removed away. Now, Ömerli Dam is a first class potable water source after Paşaköy WWTP was put in to use.Item Solid waste management case studies in Istanbul - Kemerburgaz and Bursa - Gecit(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, 2010., 2010.) Polat, Uraz.; Akkoyunlu, Atilla.The limited resources have been exhausting because of developed technology, growth of population, production and consumption gain all over the world. Nevertheless solid wastes, which human being caused, are one of the main factors in environmental problem. The large and increasing amounts of municipal solid wastes generated each year in several industrialized countries, have raised concerns about the economic viability and environmental acceptability of the current waste disposal methodologies. There are various options available to convert solid waste to energy. Mainly, the following types of technologies are available: sanitary landfill, incineration, gasification and anaerobic digestion. Sanitary landfill is the scientific dumping of municipal solid waste and landfill gas could be used for generating power. In this study, methods of solid waste disposed, and energy potential of the solid wastes were examined by giving Istanbul-Kemerburgaz application. In the first section of the thesis, the importance, aim and extent of the study was explained. In the second section definitions and evaluations about solid wastes were given. In the other sections integrated waste management, land filling and land fill gas as an energy resource were explained respectively. Istanbul-Kemerburgaz Project about waste to energy application was investigated in the seventh section of the thesis. According to the literature and Istanbul Project, a projection of potential of Bursa Gecit Sanitary landfill has been done in the eighth section. And in the last section results were evaluated. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the waste to energy implementation of Istanbul-Kemerburgaz Facility and apply the results to Bursa-Geçit Sanitary Landfill to estimate its gas and electricity potential. And to illustrate the progress on the management of municipal solid wastes to the prospective municipalities around, during the harmonization studies for the membership of Turkey to European Union.