M.S. Theses
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Browsing M.S. Theses by Author "Balcıoğlu, Işıl."
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Item A multiresidue analytical method for the determination of organic contaminants in agricultural soil(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Sefiloğlu, Feride Öykü.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Agricultural pollution is one of the biggest environmental concerns regarding the contamination of both soil and water resources. Owing to the mobility of pollutants in soil-water system, contamination of soil can be considered as a risk factor for the human health as well as aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, monitoring of soil contamination has a prime importance not only for the evaluation of the risk for the environment but also for the development of treatment and remediation methods for contaminated sites. Hence, development of a multiresidue analytical method was targeted for a wide range of chemicals selected from 39 frequently used pesticides in rice cultivation and 28 industrial pollutants detected in water samples collected from Ergene River in 2017-2018. Simultaneous extraction of the target analytes from soil samples and their quantification were performed with acetate buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), respectively. The developed method gave satisfactory recoveries within 70-120% for 78% of the target compounds. The method was applied to 22 soil samples collected from mainly paddy fields located in southwestern Thrace region adjacent to Ergene River in order to determine the agricultural pollution caused by the pesticide application and irrigational activities. The residues of the selected pesticides were found in all soil samples within the concentration range of 0.04-406 µg/kg, whereas the industrial pollutants were dominantly detected in soil samples taken from paddy fields as 0.05-807 µg/kg.Item Modeling antibiotic transport and mapping the environmental risk in the Marmara region by using geographical information systems (GIS)(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2013., 2013.) Küçükdoğan, Arın.; Güven, Başak.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.As human population increases, livestock farming has become more intensive for several decades. Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) are one of the most widely preferred drugs for animal health and management. Since a considerable fraction of antibiotics is excreted in animal waste; antibiotics can affect both soil quality by leaching from manure to soil and water quality by transporting to surface waters via runoff following to application of animal waste as manure on agricultural lands. Due to the fact that released antibiotics can lead to toxic effects and development of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, there has been an increased concern about the adverse impacts of these micro pollutants causing chemical pollution. The antibiotic concentrations were previously measured in the soil and manure samples collected from various agricultural lands of the Marmara Region of Turkey in the scope of a scientific project. The aim of this study is to create environmental risk maps belonging to the Marmara Region in terms of antibiotic transport by determining risky pasture lands where risk mitigation actions would be essential. First of all, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was applied to simulate runoff water quantity stemming from rainfall events and hydraulics in the study area, which is divided into manageable modeling units such as catchments and subcatchments having different hydrological and hydraulic characteristics via Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Secondly, the transport of previously analyzed antibiotics in the Marmara Region was investigated by using the exposure model supplied by National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in The Netherlands (RIVM). Finally, the environmental risk of antibiotic transport in the Marmara Region was mapped with the help of GIS techniques by developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach for all pasture lands.Item Recovery and purification of natural antioxidants from olive mill wastewater concentrates by a sustainable process(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2021., 2021.) Doğan, Sena.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) resulting from olive oil production is characterized with high organic load and phytotoxicity due to the presence of phenolic compounds (PCs). Antioxidant properties of PCs make this waste a potential resource for some industries. Hence, instead of spending effort to treat the toxic components, the recovery of value-added compounds from OMWW can be sustainable waste management solution providing economic benefits. This study was aimed to find out a recovery process for antioxidant PCs mainly hydroxytyrosol (HTyr). The concentrated OMWW samples by Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) evaporator at two different rates, OMWC1 and OMWC2 were subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE) by using different synthetic polymeric resins stands alone (Process I) and as integrated to aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) (Process II). Process I and II with non-ionic PAD 950 yielded higher total PCs recovery from both OMWCs while the performance of Amberlyst A26 resin in Process II was better for HTyr recovery. The recoveries of HTyr were 21.77 and 34.31 mg/g from more concentrated OMWC2 by Process II whereas 4.88 and 3.86 mg/g HTyr were recovered from OMWC1 by the application of Process I with PAD 950 and Amberlyst A26 resins, respectively. The first extraction stage of Process II with ATPE system minimized the coextraction of non-target compounds and in overall Process II provided the eliminations of 85-90% carbohydrates and almost complete proteins from the extract of OMWC2. The antioxidant activities of the extracts achieved from more productive Process II exhibited variation depending the applied activity assays.Item Removal of antimicrobial compounds from water by gac and natural minerals(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2010., 2010.) Aydın, Derya.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.The widespread and unrestricted use of antimicrobials resulted in accumulation of them in the environment and due to their adverse effects they can be considered as an emergent pollutant group. Development of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms is the major adverse effect of antibiotic pollution in the environment. In order to remove sulfonamide and tetracycline group antibiotics namely, sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and oxytetracycline (OTC) batch experiments have been performed by granular activated carbon (GAC). Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium studies were performed by GAC. Additionally, the adsorption performance of some natural minerals (perlite, pumice, and zeolite) was evaluated for SMZ. The effects of contact time, initial antimicrobial concentration, and pH on the adsorption were investigated. While the highest adsorption capacity of natural minerals for SMZ was obtained with zeolite with a value of 1.42 mg/g, about nine fold higher adsorption was obtained with GAC. Experimental equilibrium data indicates that the isotherms for these antimicrobials on GAC can be satisfactorily described by Temkin isotherm equation. Four different mathematical models proposed in the literature were used to describe kinetics and the adsorption of all antimicrobials could be described more favorably by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Batch adsorption experiments indicate that the sorption is a pH dependent process.