Ph.D. Theses
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Browsing Ph.D. Theses by Author "Kara, Halim."
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Item Authority, will, and subjectivity in Fatma Aliye’s writings and novels(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Özdoğan, Başak Deniz.; Kara, Halim.This thesis focuses on Fatma Aliye's emergence as a writer and her motivation to exist as a modern Ottoman woman subject in a male-dominated literary public. It achieves this aim mainly in light of Meram's publication process, the Turkish translation of Georges Ohnet's Volonté by Fatma Aliye. Thus, this dissertation has three interconnected arguments. My first argument is that her biography, Fatma Aliye Hanım yahud Bir Muharrire-i Osmaniye'nin Neş'eti, written by Ahmet Mithat Efendi, has shaped literary history and Fatma Aliye’s reception until this day. Secondly, I argue that, on the one hand, Fatma Aliye did comply with Ahmet Mithat Efendi's perspective strategically with an effort not to lose the support of the most influential literary patron, on the other hand, while reconciling with this perspective, Fatma Aliye has found the place to manifest her conflict and objection to the patriarchy after the publication of Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete and her novel Refet. In order to highlight Fatma Aliye's conflict and objection against Ahmet Mithat Efendi's narrative about her authorship, this dissertation offers a new periodization for Fatma Aliye's writership dividing it into two periods. Thirdly, Meram is a root text. It does not only encapsulates Fatma Aliye's authorship capacity as a translator and writer, but also reflects and reveals key debates, contradictions, themes, and characterization in her novels. In light of Meram's inextricably linked roles, this dissertation examines the author's reconciliation and reckoning with her "fathers" and her relationship with patriarchy by focusing on the relationship between the concepts of will, authority, and patriarchy.Item “Constructing the Self” :|representations of masculinity in Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's novels(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2021., 2021.) Atik, Egem.; Kara, Halim.This dissertation explores the representations of masculinity in Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s novels. Each chapter focuses on the principal themes and issues which play a significant role in the construction of masculinities in the novels. In this respect, this thesis examines fatherhood and filiality in Mahur Beste, health and illness in Huzur and Suat’ın Mektubu, militarism and nationalism in Sahnenin Dışındakiler, business life and entrepreneurship in Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü, and love and sexuality in Aydaki Kadın, to investigate the strategies Tanpınar uses for problematizing masculinities and the literary connotations of such problematization. The study primarily argues that the protagonists’ inability to construct socially accepted masculine identities puts them in a state of constant struggle with masculine norms. The portrayal of characters marginalized in the hierarchical gender regime provides the inquiry of the production, and the rooting of relations of dominance caused by such a regime. The protagonists’ relationships with other male characters performing different masculinities are also scrutinized in the study, which demonstrates that even characters who are admired for coming very close to constructing a successful masculinity fall short of the ideal. Thus, it is argued that the novels which depict the impossibility of a perfect model of masculinity question the features that are included and excluded in the definitions of ideal masculinity. Finally, the study sheds light on female characters’ “doing masculinity”, through which the novels undermine the stereotypes of femininity and masculinity.Item Looking at the republican literature through novels on trial(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Çınar, Şenay.; Kara, Halim.This dissertation, which aims to contribute to censorship studies in Turkish literature, focuses on fiction on trial from the birth of the Turkish Republic to the present. The primary goal of the study is the identification of these novels and their trial processes of them via archival work. The second stage is to determine the data obtained as a result of this archive through the most frequent and effective discursive themes in the sociocultural context. And third stage is to analyze these works selected by thematic division with the vehicles of literature. The main aim of this dissertation is to identify the cultural moments and regions where literature as a linguistic and discursive institution, and state practices and discourse meet, intersect and differentiate through censorship. Judgmental state repression concentrates on the literature on some sociocultural themes in each historical period. Thus, a line of judgment emerges, although not necessarily homogeneous. Each chapter contains four themes: minority, property, obscenity, and testimony. In this context, the second part of the thesis focuses on the literary censorship in the Early Republican Period around the minority issue. The third section analyzes fiction on trial because of "making communist propaganda", which intensified between 1940- 1960, in the context of the property. The fourth chapter examines the works prosecuted for obscenity, especially after the 1980s. Finally, the fifth part of the thesis focuses on the period after the 1990s and 2000s and prosecuted novels for "propagandizing for a terrorist organization" within the framework of testimony.Item “Rewinding intricate century” : the spatio-temporal motion in Tevfik Fikret and Nazım Hikmet’s poems(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Narcı, Murat.; Kara, Halim.This dissertation explores the linguistic records created by "bodily sensation" in the context of the spatio-temporal movement in Tevfik Fikret and Nazım Hikmet’s poetry. On the focus of time and space, it determines the vibrations occurring in Tevfik Fikret’s poetry as bodily signs and characterizes them as the "bourgeois body". For this reason, the only sign that shifts time and space in Tevfik Fikret's poetry is these vibrations that point to the "here and now" as emphasized by Fredric Jameson. This "bourgeois body" is shaped by the ideological formulation in Nazım Hikmet's poetry and turns into the "body-of-truth" putting forward by Alain Badiou. For this reason, the movement in Nazım Hikmet's poetry is in a structure that combines a Soviet model inspired by Mayakovsky and the voice of Tevfik Fikret. In that case, the writing style adopted by Nazım Hikmet carries the space of Tevfik Fikret's poetry to a Marxist ground and echoes the vibrations of image and sound in his poetry in a unique way. Therefore, he puts the "bourgeois body", which records such vibrations without destination, into the present of the "body-of-truth" with a temporal figuration. In this sense, this study, which takes on such a historical positioning of Turkish poetry through this two poets as its duty, aims to suggest new variations of poetry reading on spatial movements by following the traces of a wide range time debate.Item The romantic roots of Turkish poetry :|romantic subjectivity in Abdülhak Hamid Tarhan's poetry(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2010., 2010.) Öztürk, Veysel.; Kara, Halim.This dissertation investigates the romantic subjectivity in Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan’s poetry. It argues that Abdülhak Hâmid was the real pioneer of modern Turkish poetry, the fundamental characteristics and conceptualization of which were justified by Namık Kemal in the second half of the nineteenth century. By closely examining the first examples of new poetry produced by Hâmid, it aims to manifest how modern Turkish poetry was differentiated from classical poetry and on which concepts and themes this differentiation were based. The dissertation is based on the idea that the struggle to modernize literature only makes sense if it is analyzed as a part of grand modernization project that could essentially be seen as a struggle to appropriate a certain kind of European subjectivity; that is, romantic subjectivity. This new subjectivity can be seen in modern literary conceptions of Turkish literature and its first examples of poetry. It is a romantic realism which the founding fathers have propounded when they were trying to value the new literature against the classical one and Hâmid represents romantic realism especially in his poetry on nature. This dissertation further asserts that nature poetry associated with romantic subjectivity is a fundamental characteristic of Hâmid’s poetics. In these poems Hâmid succeeds in creating a poetic conception that stresses on what is seen and transforms the physical reality by means of romantic imagination. This shows a fundamental shift from classical poetry, which was basically an allegory of the world beyond. Along with nature poems, tragic discernment brought by awareness of death appears as another attribute of romantic subjectivity in Hâmid’s poetry. This new poetic expression can be seen in Hâmid’s Makber, considered the most important poetry collection in nineteenth century Turkish literature. By making one’s personal life the subject matter of literature, Hâmid brings romantic individuality into Turkish poetry. Through this way the idea of autonomous originality instead of originality in classical poetry based on diversification becomes one of the fundamental attributions of Turkish poetry. Finally, by creating a poetry showing major characteristics of romantic subjectivity and imagination, Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan paved the way for modern poetry for the following generation of poets.Item Tracing performances in literature : the balls and parties in the Republican novel = Edebiyatta performansların izini sürmek : Cumhuriyet dönemi romanında balo ve davetler(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Özer, Sevgin.; Kara, Halim.By focusing on the balls and ball-like parties in the twelve novels published from the establishment of the Turkish Republic to today, this thesis analyses the roles of these scenes in the narrative structure. The thesis evaluates these scenes through performance theories and argues that balls/parties are performances independently, and the characters’ behaviors within these scenes can be considered daily performances. This thesis comparatively examines the following twelve novels: Reşat Nuri Güntekin’s Bir Kadın Düşmanı, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’s Ankara, Peyami Safa’s Cumbadan Rumbaya, Suat Derviş’s İstanbul’un Bir Gecesi, Nahit Sırrı Örik’s Kıskanmak, Halide Edip Adıvar’s Sonsuz Panayır, Refik Halid Karay’s Bugünün Saraylısı, Kemal Bilbaşar’s Başka Olur Ağaların Düğünü, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s Aydaki Kadın, Adalet Ağaoğlu’s Bir Düğün Gecesi, Leylâ Erbil’s Karanlığın Günü, and Orhan Pamuk’s Masumiyet Müzesi. Seeing and being seen during the balls, house or garden parties, weddings, engagement parties, and nightclub scenes in the novels determine the characters’ feelings, life goals, and, eventually, behaviors. These behaviors engender personal performances resulting from social pressure or a way of developing public identities. Thus balls/parties and people’s behaviors within these scenes play a significant role in the novels. The twelve novels employ these scenes to explore the essence and outcome of cultural modernization in Turkey. By examining the issues that have been rewritten from different perspectives and with different styles, this thesis also traces the transformation of the Turkish novel.