İktisat
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing İktisat by Author "Adaman, Fikret."
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item A system dynamic macroeconomic model for an inquiry of income inequality and environmental impact(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Dilek, Gökhan.; Adaman, Fikret.Ending hunger, reducing poverty and inequalities, and climate action are the main ob jectives of the political agenda in the recent years. However, these objectives may be in conflict. Economic growth is promoted to end hunger and reduce poverty; however, a growing economy may well increase human impact on the environment. It is also true that an income redistribution scheme may increase aggregate demand—hence, the economic activity and subsequently the environmental impact. In this thesis, we build a system dynamic macroeconomic model to cope with the intricate relationships among income distribution, economic growth, and human impact on the environment. The model is based on macroeconomic accounting principles, and represents a closed economy with a representative firm, three heterogeneous households, and a simple banking sector. We argue that anaggressive income redistribution scheme canachieve the whole objectives in the policy agenda, while a mild redistribution scheme may worsen the environmental problems. This thesis contributes to the recent Ecological Macroeconomicsliteraturebyexaminingtherelationshipbetweenincomedistribution and environmental impact of the human activity by relying on a system dynamics ap proach.Item A theoretical and empirical analysis of shopping mall formation in Istanbul, Turkey(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2012., 2012.) Odabaş, Meltem.; Adaman, Fikret.This study aims to analyze the reasons behind the excessive development of shopping mall in Turkey by focusing on the Istanbul case. In order to clarify the economic reasoning behind the emergence of this new type of retail place in an urban city which is already full of traditional retail places–bazaars, arcades, etc.–, the study proceeds in two main branches: first, in the theoretical part, the economic literature is reviewed in order to demonstrate the distinction between clustering in a shopping mall from other retail places. Next, in the empirical part, the shopping mall development in Istanbul is examined in order to link the theoretical results to what is observed in reality. Supported with focus group studies and in-depth interviews, the general argument is that shopping malls provide firms and consumers with services that are not available in other retail places—an argument leads us to make the claim that malls should be seen as “clubs”. On consumers’ side, they provide parking and security services and extra entertainment activities within a clean and orderly environment in order to attract them. Considering firms, on the other hand, the mall developers help them to overcome some obstacles –such as large-sum financial credit and receiving construction approvals from the urban planning authorities. In that regard, the study argues, entrepreneurs use their advantage on power and network relations, which necessitates their existence as the service facilitator in the mall. This necessity gains further importance in the Istanbul case, due to the lack of commercialized plots in the areas that are close to central business districts.Item Cooperation and policy interventions: Field experiments with small-scale fishing communities in Turkey(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2016., 2016.) Ertör Akyazı, Pınar.; Özkaynak, Begüm.; Adaman, Fikret.The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the vast literature on environmental policy instruments and resource use dilemmas via an experimental approach. Based on framed field experiments conducted with members of small-scale fishing communities in Turkey, the study focused on the effects of different policy interventions on cooperation, and demonstrated that analyzing the behavioral impact of environmental policy instruments is crucial to ensure effectiveness. The framed field experiments were used to evaluate the effects of an external fine, a market-like incentive, and a communication condition in a resource use dilemma. The experiments involved twelve sessions for each treatment (baseline, fine, market and communication treatments), with five participants per session. Both communication and a symbolic (low) fine were found to be effective in reducing extraction. The findings further imply that there is a framing effect between the fine and market conditions. When the economic incentive was framed as a fine as opposed to a market-like mechanism, it reduced extraction more. This implies that institutional context matters to individual behavior, and that the same level of economic incentive may perform differently if the institutional context is changed. This finding also supports the hypothesis that market reasoning may lead to unintended outcomes in resource use dilemmas. If this is not taken into account, environmental policies may backfire.Item Network effects in risk sharing and credit market access: evidence from Istanbul(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2006., 2006.) Tüzemen, Didem.; Adaman, Fikret.Low levels of per capita income, variable incomes, and high unemploymentrates are some of the main economic problems that households living in developing countries face. When health expenditures, debt repayments, and educational costs are added, households face great difficulties in smoothing consumption. Although full insurance is not observed, many studies showthat households in rural areas are able to smooth consumption to a certain extent using their social networks as risk pooling instruments, when formal credit institutions fail to exist, or function properly. In contrast to the current literature, this study uses data from a household survey prepared for this study and conducted in Istanbul, where formal credit institutions are available, to analyze the household behavior in response to income and expenditure shocks. Our results indicate that households eligible for formal loan view money transfers from their social networks superior to formal loan. Moreover, networks are found to play an important role in households̕ accessto formal credit institutions.Item The impact of Syrian immigrants on the wages of unskilled natives in Turkey(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Göğebakan, Anıl.; Adaman, Fikret.The armed conflict of the Syrian Civil War that has led many people emigrate from Syria to other countries started in March 2011. As one of the neighbours of Syria, Turkey has received more Syrian immigrants than any other country. As of January 2018, almost 3.5 million of these immigrants settled in Turkey. In the literature, the impact of immigrants on the economic conditions of the host country is frequently studied. Focus is usually given to the labour market, since economic performance and well-being are highly related with labour market conditions. In this study, I estimate the impact of immigrants on unskilled labour in Turkey, assuming Syrians enter the labour market through informal sector. As the informal sector, e.g., agriculture, is the most flexible labour market, the substitution between Syrians and natives should occur easily. Due to an increase in labour supply, therefore, wages are likely to adjust quickly. Unlike other studies, this study contributes to the literature by incorporating NUTS-3 level data with a repeated cross-sections methodology. Moreover, I have analyzed a particular sector to see the impact of immigrants on the economy overall. Using a repeated cross-sections fixed effects estimation, I find that if the population of aprovinceisdoubledduetoimmigration, itcausesa25 % and23 % decreaseinmean daily wages on average for males and females respectively.Item The relationship between state and capital: the reconstruction of soccer stadiums as an urban transformation project(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2016., 2016.) Bayralı, Önsel Gürel.; Adaman, Fikret.This study analyzes the relation between state and capital in Turkey to provide an account of the accumulation strategy during the AKP period (between 2002–2015) by focusing on a discernable trend in urban transformation projects, that of the reconstruction of soccer stadiums in Anatolian metropolises. In particular, this work aims to clarify the role of political entrepreneurship in the reconstruction of soccer stadiums through a partnership between state and capital. The term political entrepreneurship refers specifically to a neoliberal form of articulatory practice that serves to reproduce consent for the regeneration of the hegemony of the power-bloc. In this regard, the reproduction of hegemonic project enables the continued generation of economic imaginary in the society in such a manner that the articulation mechanism of hegemonic power and its associated regime of accumulation operate effectively and reproduces themselves.Item The role of technological optimism in international climate agreements(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022.) Kösemen, Emre.; Mumcu, Ayşe.; Adaman, Fikret.This research aims to explore the role of technological optimism in international climate agreements and how technological optimism affects the climate-related behaviors of countries. To this end, I built upon the dynamic game with stocks proposed by Harstad (2012, 2016), which takes emissions and green technology investments as contractible strategies. An R&D project that aims to invent a technology that will decrease the accumulation of greenhouse gases is introduced into the model. A comparison between my model, where the R&D dimension is exclusively considered, and the baseline model proposed by Harstad will capture how technological optimism may alter the behavior of countries. With the presence of an R&D project, emission levels and the greenhouse gas stock increase, and the global stock of green technology and its investments decrease for all countries in both the first-best (cooperative) and the business-as-usual (non-cooperative) outcomes. The effect of technological optimism increases when the R&D project is expected to invent a more robust technology to decrease greenhouse gas accumulation. My model explores how relying on a future technology affects the current action plan to tackle climate change, thus contributing to the literature on international climate agreements, dynamic games and technological optimism.