Ph.D. Theses
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Browsing Ph.D. Theses by Author "Eldem, Edhem,"
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Item Cultural identifications of the Greek Orthodox elite of Constantinople: discourse on music in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Erol, Merih.; Eldem, Edhem,This dissertation aims to explore the formation of a musical discourse among the Greek Orthodox educated elite of Constantinople in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This discourse was formed mainly through the practices and activities of the voluntary music associations and the debates on musicological issues in the columns of the Greek dailies and journals. This study analyzes the musical discourse within the issues of cultural nationalism, national and social identity formation and modernization. Particular attention is paid to the investigation of the musical discourse in its historical context, namely the social, economic and political transformations that the Orthodox millet underwent in the post-Reform Edict (1856) period, and the prospects of certain political and ideological schemes that became potentially available in this era. Furthermore, by uncovering the plurality of discourses, definitions and views pertaining to cultural identity and musical debates, this dissertation aims to contribute to the challenging of the standard approach which sees the Greek Orthodox millet as a monolithic unit. The main body of sources used in this dissertation consists of treatises on music, essays on music in periodicals and newspapers, speeches, patriarchal circulars, the statutes of musical associations and the prologues of the collections of ecclesiastical chants, popular and folk songs. The archives of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Greek Orthodox Community of Stavrodromio (Beyoğlu), the Asia Minor Association ‘East’ and the Ottoman archive were used in this study.Item Extradition in the Ottoman international legal practice of the nineteenth century(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022.) Kamay, Berna.; Eldem, Edhem,This dissertation examines extradition (iade-i mücrimin), the rendition of criminals, in nineteenth century international legal practice of the Ottoman Empire. An examination of extradition cases in the nineteenth century shines a light on the diplomatic stage of world politics, which was characterized mainly by international security policies against transnational crime and crime mobility across the borders. Extradition directly pertained to the major questions hovering over the Ottoman legal operation: capitulations, extraterritoriality (haric-ez memleket), and subjecthood. It is mainly because the capitulatory system and the operation of the consular system hampered the practice of extradition in the Ottoman Empire. However, the increasing mobility at the Ottoman borders necessitated regular communication and diplomatic channels to surrender criminals. It was a world of skillful diplomats, of state officials with expertise in law, and of cunning state politics. It was also a world of professional impostors, fugitive criminals, political refugees, and armed rebels whose transnational mobility and offenses shaped international security policies. These entailed domestic legislative efforts as well as stricter preventive and punitive measures on the international stage. Extradition as a legal practice thus evolved into a protean political question and a diplomatic tool, necessitating its analysis within the broader context of Ottoman history. This study challenges the portrayal of an Ottoman judicial system as weak in legislative and jurisdictional power, which is regarded as operating at the behest of the capitulatory system.Item From imperial palace to museum: The Topkapı Palace during the long nineteenth century(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Özlü, Nilay.; Eldem, Edhem,This dissertation focuses on the last century of the Topkapı Palace, which is mostly overlooked. Focusing on the period beginning with the accession of Mahmud II until the foundation of the Republic and official declaration of the Topkapı Palace as a museum (1808-1924), this research chronologically investigates the physical, architectural, institutional, symbolic, and ideological transformations of the palace and documents the new functions it adopted. The Topkapı Palace was transformed with respect to Ottoman modernization that was shaped by the military, institutional, economical, and social reforms of the long nineteenth century, gradually losing its role as an imperial residence. However, the palace also sustained its ceremonial, architectural, and symbolic configuration and significance. This tension between continuity and change underpins the theoretical framework of this dissertation. The Topkapı Palace holds a significant place in the formation of museums in the Ottoman empire and modern Turkey. The dissertation offers a new, yet critical perspective on the established narratives of Ottoman museology, highlighting the role of the Topkapı Palace and scrutinizing its museumification during the course of the long nineteenth century. The royal collections, treasuries, and sultanic pavilions located in the inner courts of the imperial palace were opened for touristic visits and were performatively displayed to the foreign gaze. During the same era, a modern archeological museum and a school of fine arts emulating the Western model were also established in the outer gardens of the palace. In this respect, the Topkapı Palace became a venue and a medium for Ottoman self-representation.Item Manumitted female slaves of the Ottoman Imperial Harem (sarayîs) in the eighteenth century Istanbul(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Argıt, Betül İpşirli.; Eldem, Edhem,This dissertation restores the lives of a large body of manumitted female palace slaves (sarayîs), and explores their role and place at the imperial court through a study of various aspects of their lives in the eighteenth century. Affiliation to the imperial court opened up access to patronage networks that had been generated during their period of service in the harem and continued following their transfer from the imperial palaces. Manumission did not loosen the patronage ties with the imperial household, but signaled the beginning of a new kind of relationship based on mutual interest and interdependence between the two parties: manumitted female palace slaves and the imperial household which provided patronage. By examining various aspects of sarayî women’s lives, such as marriage, residential patterns, material world and philanthropic acts, through the perspective of patronage relationship, the present dissertation reveals the extent of this enduring patronage relationship and the implications for both parties. This ongoing affiliation to the imperial court left a considerable imprint on the lives of manumitted female palace slaves and provided them with benefits and advantages in various stages of their lives according to their status in the harem hierarchy. From another perspective, manumitted female palace slaves secured the interest of the imperial household even after leaving the imperial palaces. By establishing loyal households through marriage, contributing to the making of a court region, introducing court culture to the urban society, contributing to the wealth of imperial court members by bequests and endowments, and contributing to city life through architectural patronage, sarayî women of all levels demonstrated power and prestige of the imperial household which was important in the context of the century. At the final point this study reveals that, in the political context of the era, a complete understanding of the internal functioning of the imperial court politics cannot be fully understood without taking into consideration the role of these loyal allies of the imperial household who acted as component of the imperial court all through their lives.Item The historical interaction of the city with Its mahalles: Ottoman Edirne in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2014., 2014.) Uğur, Yunus.; Eldem, Edhem,This study analyzes the spatial, demographic, and socio-economic structures of Edirne –the second capital of the Ottomans- in the 1700s. The main aim of this dissertation is to understand the Ottoman city in the case of Edirne (Adrianople), taking its mahalles as the main unit of analysis. In doing this, I, based on a relational approach to the city, examine different layers of city life simultaneously, e.g. its physical, demographic, and socio-economic structures on the basis of the socio-spatial dimension of the mahalle. I analyze the primary sources such as avârız and kefâlet (surety) registers of Edirne through quantitative methods including hierarchical clustering, correspondence analysis and through GIS (Geographic Information Systems) applications. In this study, I focus on a single city and study it in a detailed manner with a methodology through which I will be able to, in the future, compare its socio-economic and topographic structures and historical development with those of other cities. I try to interpret the attributes derived from the archival sources, such as titles, occupations, ethno-religious identities, gender, and properties of the people in relation to the city spaces and to describe the ecological position of the city by focusing on the spatial neighborliness/conjunctions or distinctiveness of these attributes. In other words, I was able to reveal how these attributes concentrate at the mahalle level and how mahalles differ in terms of these attributes. Accordingly, mahalles got multi-definitions constituting certain zones or sectors with other mahalles on the basis of qualitative resemblance to each other different than the conventional districts (semt) defined by on the basis of topographical neighborhood. Besides, I was also able to visualize the change undergone by the city of Edirne in two different periods –1686 and 1703 – via different attribute profiles in two successive phases. This was an opportunity both to see what changed in the city and what did not and to interpret the interaction of the inner changes with the general historical context of the period under study. In this way, important developments were actualized in the relational methodology regarding the problem of following continuity, discontinuity and the change routes of different time series (sequences), which is among the most important methodological problems of historical studies.Item The muslim millet of autonomous Crete: An exploration into its origins and implications(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Kostopoulou, Elektra.; Eldem, Edhem,This work is a reevaluation of nineteenth-century Cretan history. It aims to examine the manifold transformations of the island society during its transition from Ottoman rule to a brief period of autonomy and ultimate integration into Greece. The time period studied in this dissertation captures some of the variables that continue to vex modern historiography. While there is a tendency to think of the Ottoman Empire exclusively as an Islamic or perhaps proto- Turkish polity that ruled over non-Muslim minorities foreign to the essential character of the Ottomans, the history of Muslim populations in provinces that did not end up being part of the Republic of Turkey—such as Crete—is identified with imaginary minorities foreign to the locals. My exploration of Cretan history challenges the above approach by focusing on the continually evolving profiles of Muslims and Christians in Ottoman and Autonomous Crete through the examination of data collected from primary archival sources and published material produced during this period in the Ottoman Empire, Greece, western Europe, and Crete. This dissertation suggests that ‘majorities’ and ‘minorities’ in the Eastern Mediterranean were not clear-cut, monolithic, protonational categories, but constantly changing communities that interacted with each other through networks influenced by a variety of contingencies. The period deserves to be studied in its own right, rather than to continue to use it to legitimize certain ‘truths.’Item The Transformation of the ‘modern’ axis of nineteenth-century Istanbul: property, investments and elites from Taksim Square to Sirkeci Station(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Tanatar-Baruh, Lorans.; Eldem, Edhem,The “construction” of the “modern” axis of nineteenth-century Istanbul is analyzed through its three complementary facets: laws and regulations brought on property ownership including everyday practices; investments in “new” commercial buildings and apartment blocks at the core of the city; and the capitalist elite, who by taking advantage of the Tanzîmât reforms, which protected people from arbitrary interference in their private and commercial dealings, invested in these buildings. The dissertation tries to investigate, at a micro level, to what extent Istanbul’s urban fabric may have been the product of capitalism and of its elite consisting of both Ottoman bureaucrats and of the business elite as precursors of the modernization process, and sheds light on the power game between different agencies involved in the process. Such an analysis could only be possible through a multiplicity of perspectives and approaches. In an interdisciplinary fashion, political, economic, social, urban and institutional history is used in combination to trace the background of the transformation of the urban fabric. A quantitative approach is also applied to analyze the “modern” building stock, to follow its evaluation through time, define its peculiarities and trace its topography. This method also helps us to quantify the size of investments and to identify the family names which constitute our sample. To know more about the background of these families a prosopographic approach is also followed. This research is largely based on the sources of the Ottoman State Archive; on sources in private archives, such as the Ottoman Bank Archive and Research Centre, Saint Peter Church or Nissim de Camondo Museum archives; and printed sources such as insurance maps and trade directories.Item Trading in the shadow of wars : commercial correspondence of a late-Ottoman Muslim trading house(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2011., 2011.) Mataracı, Aliye F.; Eldem, Edhem,This work discusses the transformation of a late-Ottoman Muslim trading house in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars based on its commercial correspondence for most of the year 1914. It follows different courses and patterns of transformation through the general practice of commercial correspondence, the commercial networks that evolved around the trading house under scrutiny and the discourse exploited in the narration of commercial practices and the dramatic instances witnessed through the interwar period between the Balkan Wars and World War I. Pointing to a rupture rather than a continuum between the imperial and the Republican business cultures and practices, this work suggests the outbreak of World War I rather than the wake of the Balkan Wars as the actual turning point. The research for this dissertation is largely based on the commercial correspondence of the Mataracızâde trading house, the primary sources at the Ottoman State Archives (BOA), Ottoman and European collections of model letters, urban commercial directories published in the Ottoman Empire, specifically the Annuaire Oriental, local histories of the eastern Black Sea region and secondary literature.|Keywords : Commerce, commercial correspondence, letter-writing manuals, münşeât, commercial networks, merchant, the Balkan Wars, boycott, National Economy, Muslim bourgeoisie, World War I.