Browsing by Author "Turhan, Fatma Sel."

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    Rebelling for the old order: Ottoman Bosnia, 1826-1836
    (Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Turhan, Fatma Sel.; Erdem, Y. Hakan,; Karakışla, Yavuz Selim,
    This dissertation analyzes the reasons why the local people of Bosnia rebelled against the centralization and reform policies of the Ottoman Empire during the period between 1826 and 1836, the ways in which the rebels legitimized their actions and struggled for the acceptance of their demands and how those reactions were interpreted by the Ottoman statesmen. The present study mainly concentrates on the theme within a three partite theoretical framework, by examining it according to the cases of rebellion in that period, the centralization policies of the state and the borderland situation of the region. As this rebellion against the Ottoman center was a provincial one, the dissertation seeks to analyze the dynamics of the region as well as of the Ottoman center which led the people to rebel. Since the rebellion was an attempt to keep the ancien régime unchanged, the dissertation inquires into the reasons which turned Bosnia into one of the main battlegrounds for the conflicts between centralization and local autonomy. Hence, since the rebellion has direct relationships with the borderland situation of Bosnia, the dissertation concentrates on Bosnia in terms of changing conditions in its borderland position. Within this context, the study first examines the Bosnian rebellion against the abolition of the Janissary corps in 1826 and then focuses on the subsequent rebellion of 1831 against the new orders of the Porte, the nizâmât, including the changes in land tenure and in the military system, the changes in uniform as well as the changes in the status of some districts of Bosnia.
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    The abolition of the Janissary army and its reflections
    (Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Turhan, Fatma Sel.; Erdem, Hakan.
    This study alms to find, within a descriptive and analytical framework, academically relevant answers to the questions, why and how the main military corps of the Ottoman Empire was destroyed, and what were its effects. Relying mainly on selected archival documents and primary sources, first the historiographic analysis of the term corruption and the transformation of the Janissaries are studied. Analysing briefly the previous reform attempts, the thesis then deals with the planning and the preparatory process of the abolition and the path towards it. Since Mahmud II's attempt at reform was promulgated as the Eşkinci reform, the thesis evaluates the Eşkinci Project. The final rebellion of the Janissaries and subsequently, the course of events during and immediately after the abolition are examined in detail. The abolition of quasi-Janissary groups and the reorganization of loyal units is another theme since the reform movement was not only restricted to the Janissaries. Immediately after the abolition, the complementary reforms were imposed, including "the prohibition of the Bektashi Order", which is covered, as well. Another aspect of this study is a comprehensive analysis of provincial responses to the abolition of the Janissary corps. Findings in archival documents, and primary sources indicate that the abolition of the Janissary army was the culmination of an extended plan and preparation. It was the first step of a more comprehensive centralization policy, and became a turning point in the history of Ottoman Empire since the government succeeded in substituting a more centralized military force for the decentralized Janissary corps.