M.S. Theses

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Preliminary seismic evaluation of highway bridges in Istanbul
(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 1995., 1995.) Zülfikar, A. Can.; Yüzügüllü, Özal.
In spite of the considerable developments in bridge engineering in recent years, substantial damages of highway bridges in recent earthquakes, have lead to an increasing awareness on the seismic performance of bridges. Seismic vulnerability of a bridge can be defined as the potential of a bridge to sustain significant damage or collapse. The seismicity at the location of the bridge is essential in the determination of its vulnerability. Istanbul is one of the most crucial cities in Turkey due to its historical, industrial and commercial importance. The main objective of the current study is to establish an inventory for the highway bridges on the 01 and 02 peripheral routes and the corresponding link roads in Istanbul and evaluate their seismic vulnerabilities according to a certain screening procedure. Such a preliminary screening procedure contemplates only the technical aspects of the problem and does not include political and economic considerations. In the preliminary screening process, Structural characteristics of the bridge, Importance of the bridge as a vital transportation link, Foundation and site characteristics of the bridge, are taken into consideration. In addition to the above studies, truck loading testing and a detailed analysis on a typical representitive bridge are presented. The results of this investigation are to be considered as the essential and basic step for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the ,highway bridges in istanbul under a future seismic activity.
Determination of earthquake performance of Süleymaniye Mosque
(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 1999., 1999.) Kaya, Samiye Mircan.; Yüzügüllü, Özal.
Built between 1549-1557 by the great Turkish architect Mimar Sinan and named after the legendary Ottoman Emperor Siileyman the Magnificient, the Siileymaniye Mosque is considered to be the masterpiece of the Ottoman architecture. It is a fact that the research studies carried out up today towards the determination of the earthquake performance of this masterpiece of Otioman-Turkish Engineering is very limited. Within the framework of research activities being carried out at the Earthquake Engineering Department of Kandilli Earthquake Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute for the important historic edifices which was initiated with the Hagia Sophia, the present study on Siileyrnaniye Mosque is aimed at the exploration of the earthquake performance and dynamic characteristics of the structure. The three dimensional finite element model of the structure previously prepared by A.Selahiye was refined.Non-destructive material tests were carried out in the mosque in order to determine the material characteristics.The data obtained from the tests were used in the study and as a further step, the effects of different materials were investigated.At this stage the effects of different boundary conditions were also combined in the study. The earthquake records obtained from the strong ground motion accelerometers previously installed on Siileymaniye Mosque were also analysed to obtain the natural vibration frequencies and to compare the resulting values with those obtained by other methods.As a last stage of the study, the analysis of the improved model under a scenario earthquake for istanbul was carried out.
Seismic performance evaluation of the Sadabat 1 (V3) viaduct
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2002., 2002.) Önem, Göktürk.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
Sadabat V3 was designed in the late 1980's as a connector highway bridge in conjunction of Okrneydam and Hastal on ball-Sakarya motonvay route, which is a major component of the transportation system of Istanbul. The bridge shows some typical examples of old seismic design philosophy such as low level of design forces and lack of modem ductile detailing. Based on the visual inspection, any detrimental effects such as cracking or spalling of cover concrete due to corrosion could not be observed. Generally, it can be say that current condition of the bridge is good. The bridge is evaluated as a critical bridge because of the location on major traveled route. The bridge is expected to remain functional immediately following a destructive earthquake. Seismic performance of the bridge has been assessed by using nonlinear time history analysis and pushover analysis. At the end of the analysis, deformation demand determined fi-om the analysis has been compared with the predetermined component deformation capacity to obtain whether the bridge provides expected performance. Analysis shows that elastomeric; bearings, particularly located on flexible intermediate piers have insufficient displacement capacities in transverse direction to remain elastic. Displacement ductility of the piers are inadequate due to the poor detailing of the plastic hinge region. Because of the low ductility capacity, the piers are unlikely to tolerate cyclic displacement much exceeding yield in transverse direction. However, it can be concluded that the bridge response is essentially elastic in longitudinal direction.
Influence of modeling parameters on seismic response of steel moment resisting frames
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2003., 2003.) Gündüz, Ahmet Suat.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
The purpose of this work is to identify the building response to variations in modeling parameters and assumptions for the steel mid-rise buildings. The behavior and response of 9-story building in Los Angeles are studied. The building that was designed according to the UBC 1994 provisions was used in the analysis. Different models for this structure were developed and analyzed dynamically. The models investigated involved the use of centerline dimensions of elements, or clear length dimensions (rigid zone effect), nonlinear springs for the beam connections, and nonlinear springs for the panel zones. Also, P-delta effects on the system response to the ground motions were investigated. Nonlinear time-history analysis was used to assess the performance of buildings subjected to strong earthquake ground motions. The global (roof) and story level displacement demands, story drift ratio demands, beam and panel zone plastic rotation demands, location of plastic rotations of the systems, and the story shears were obtained by subjecting the six models to set of 10 ground motions representative of a 10150 (10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years) hazard level. The results are compared to evaluate the influence of modeling assumptions on the nonlinear dynamic response of the structures. As a result it is concluded that, the effect of analytical modeling is intrinsic to understanding the response of the structure. The overall effect of the different models can result in significant changes in the demands. Moreover, structure P-delta effects are found to have a potentially severe influence on the response of steel moment resisting structures.
Seismic evaluation of pile groups
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2003., 2003.) Beker, Hüseyin Afşin.; Siyahi, Bilge.
In certain regions of the country, designing deep foundations to withstand seismic loading is a reality. Seismic loading of structures and foundations reach a critical state as the laterally applied force increases. Especially liquefaction is the major effect on laterally loaded piles. So firstly, the liquefaction potential of the site has been evaluated to make the best seismic assessment, as studied in the following chapter. Since, liquefaction potential analysis is highly complex and is based on numerous variables such as moment magnitude, epicentrical distance, PGA, thickness of soil layers, overburden pressure and duration of motion etcetera. Most of the potential analysis methods are empirically based on the statistical measurements of known past earthquakes. Thus, firstly the liquefaction potential analysis of the site is evaluated. by means of these methods. Secondly, the effects of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading on piles have been studied. Then, after a brief information is given about the structure, which is chosen as the model, the capacity estimations of the piles and the superstructure are acquired. Then soil, piles and the superstructure are modeled together in the SAP2000 computer program. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, spectral analysis (for TSC-98) and non-linear time-history analysis, with three different earthquake records (two of them are simulated), are examined. Finally, the results of the most critically forced structural elements are illustrated and then compared both by the structural capacity and between the different methods of solutions used. This study also gives a general knowledge about the sufficiency of the Turkish Seismic Code for buildings within the vicinity of an active fault line.
Seismic performance evaluation of public school buildings in İstanbul metropolitan area
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2005., 2005.) Ekser, Burç.; Yüzügüllü, Özal.
Earthquake resistance of school buildings deserves special attention with respect to seismic safety because of their occupancy characteristics and their importance to immediate and long-term earthquake disaster relief and recovery efforts. The aim of the study is that the seismic performance evaluation of public school buildings in Istanbul. According to this, in Istanbul, three different types of projects are practiced and evaluated for public schools constructed due to different number of stories and different earthquake zones. besides, these kinds of porjects were analyzed in terms of 1975 and 1998 Turkish Codes. In addition to the seismic performance evaluation of public schools, a preliminary screening procedure was carried out in that study. To eliminate the losses caused by earthquakes, the earthquake resistance of the school building must be examined by quick and easy method which is Rapid Visual Screening Procedure prepared by Applied Technology Council. Actually, the method which was carried out, is classified the earthquake resistance resistance of the public schools and determined a detailed evaluation is required or not.
Strain based performance evaluation charts for rectangular reinforced concrete columns in nonlinear analysis of structures
(Thesis (M.S.)- Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Eartquake Research Institute, 2005., 2005.) Şadan, Oğuz Bahadır.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
Several methods and criterion are being used recently in determination of the deformations occurred in structural elements of a building and performance evaluation of these structural elements under earthquake motion using nonlinear analysis. Performance evaluation of structures under nonlinear earthquake loading using material strains, rather than the rotations as commonly used in other seismic codes (FEMA356, ATC40, EUROCODE8 etc.) is the basic subject of this study. Performance evaluation using material strains is also being mentioned in Chapter 13 of New Turkish Seismic Code Dra3. For performance evaluation using member strains, Strain Based Performance Evuluation Charts for rectangular reinforced concrete columns have been formed which bring easiness by omitting several cross sectional analysis in order to transform rotations into strains. These Strain Based Performance Evaluation Charts are intended to be very useful for the structural engineers who will practice nonlinear analysis using New Turkish Seismic Code in the future. However it should be noticed that these charts are formed only for rectangular reinforced columns with limited concrete-steel grade combinations. Therefore further studies should be performed for other combinations and beams.
Seismic evaluation of Bolu viaduct 1
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake research Institute, 2006., 2006.) Candan, B. Tolga.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
A thesis is presented on the seismic evaluation of a viaduct using non-linear analysistechniques. The Bolu viaduct is a 2-3 km long seismically isolated structure with two parallelbridges each with a span length of 39.2 m and pier height of maximum 49 m that was nearly complete when it was struck by the 1999 Duzce earthquake in Turkey. With the design basedon AASHTO standards, it suffered complete failure of the seismic isolation system andnarrowly avoided total collapse due to excessive superstructure moment. After investigationsthe retrofit of the viaduct had been decided due to the study carried out by Michele Calvi and J. Nigel Priestley. This thesis concentrates on the retrofitted structure of Viaduct 1 by non-linear time historyanalysis.
Investigation of failure modes and mechanisms of Alibey Earth Dam by solid-fluid coupled nonlinear dynamic finite element simulation
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2006., 2006.) Parker, Ahmet Alper.; Siyahi, Bilge.
In this study, earthquake resistance of Alibey Earth Dam was investigated. Darn was modeled with four node plane-strain finite elements and displacement-pore pressure coupled finite element analyses were performed. Nonlinear material models such as pressure dependent and independent multi yield materials were implemented during the analyses. Transient dynamic finite element analyses were performed with Newmark method. Newton-Raphson solution scheme was adopted during the solution of the equations. Liquefaction and/or cyclic mobility effects were considered during the analysis. For the finite element analyses OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) framework was adopted.
Seismic performance assessment of Ortaköy V409 viaduct
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2007., 2007.) Öztürk, Ali Cem.; Aydinoğlu, M. Nuray.
The Ortakoy V409 carries 1st Peripheral Highway and has constructed in 1973. The V409 is the last approach viaduct of First Bosphorous Bridge and has a specific role on transportation of stanbul. The existing condition, which is investigated on site, clearly shows that there are significiant damages like corrosions and etc. at whole structure due to lack of maintenance. The existing condition of structure has been evaluated by inelastic analysis method. In this dissertation, in part 1 the general descriptions have tried to be explained. In part 2; The existing conditions like dimensions and etc. have stated according to the site investigations and existing drawings. In the following part; the methods that were used in calculations explained. In part 4 the modelling procedure with the appropriate softwares and the loads that were applied in analyses have exhibited. In the final part the conclusions have stated. As a result of the time history analyses, like mentioned above, the viaduct is vulnearable due to deficiencies of ductility and detailing concepts. Existing sections can not resist the shear forces and moments occured during the earthquakes.
Shake table tests of a 1/4 scaled mass concentric three storey steel structure isolated by a hybrid passive control system
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2007., 2007.) Yenidoğan, H. Cem.; Uçkan, Eren.
Objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a hybrid isolation system for a three-storey mass concentric steel structure. The isolation system consists of 2 elastomeric bearings and 4 flat sliding bearings, which are located below the central and corner columns, respectively. A 1,4 scaled isolated model of the structure has been tested on a shake table under real earthquakes and sinusoidal base motions. Measurements were taken at structural points and at base slab level. Two types of high damping elastomeric bearings, one with low shear modulus and the other with high shear modulus, were tested to see the effects of different target isolation periods. A numerical model for the structure was developed and calibrated by the data from the experimental studies. In this dissertation effectiveness of the hybrid isolation system is verified by comparing the results obtained from isolated and fixed base models.
Seismic performance evaluation of dual reinforced concrete systems design according to Turkish seismic code, 2007
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2007., 2007.) Kârcı, E. Yeşim.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
The aim of this study is to investigate the dual reinforced concrete frame systems of mixed ductility level which are described in Turkish Seismic Code, 2007, (TSC '07) by using Nonlinear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis) for evaluating the seismic performance of these reinforced concrete buildings. For this purpose, a sample reinforced concrete structure is used accordihg to Turkish Seismic Code, 2007, (2.5.4.1(c)), to evaluate the performance where the ratio of the sum of base shear developed at the bases of solid structural walls under seismic loads to the total base shear developed for the entire building is between the values 0.4 and 213 (0.4
Strong motion simulation by empirical green's function method for Bursa Armutlu peninsula
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2008., 2008.) Savaş, Neval.; Tanırcan, Gülüm.
According to results of time dependent probabilistic hazard assessments, The fault segment extending between Gemlik-Bandirma and segment passing through the southern part of Iznik Lake have potentials of producing a magnitude 7.2+ event with 1000 year recurrence time and second highest hazard rate in Marmara Region. For future risk mitigation strategies, it necessitates preparing scenario earthquakes. Near-field generation of scenario events from mentioned fault segments was performed at nine BYTNET stations. Horizontal components of records with frequency range of 0.5-10 Hertz were used. Simulations were performed by using Empirical Green’s Function Method which essentially uses small events as Green’s function and sums them up to follow the omega-squared scaling law. Gemlik Earthquake was utilized as Green’s Function throughout analysis. As an initial calculation focal mechanism of Gemlik Earthquake was confirmed by simulating it with Mw= 3.3 event. For scenario case, assumption is that scenarios occur at the same location of Mw= 4.8 event with same focal mechanism. A single asperity model was adopted. Size of asperities was determined according to stress drop ratio equality between target and element event. Scenarios were defined by changing rupture initiation points. Near field effects at each scenario simulation were investigated via observing components perpendicular and parallel to fault plane. Various empirical attenuation relationships were compared with simulated peak ground accelerations and velocities. Simulated acceleration spectra pertaining to fault parallel and normal components were compared with Turkish Seismic Design Code. Finally, It was observed whether peak values were in harmony with attenuation curves or not.
Seismic strengthening of existing RC frame buildings by steel panels
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2008., 2008.) Sezer, Başak.; Mowrtage, Waiel.
Every major earthquake in Turkey causes a large number of building suffer moderate damage due to poor construction. If a proper and fast retrofit is not applied, the aftershocks, which may sometimes come days or weeks after the main shock, can push a moderately damaged building into a major damage or even total collapse. Retrofitting these poor constructed buildings using traditional methods may cost a lot of money, labor and time which make the choice of reconstruction better than retrofitting. This research presents a practical retrofit method for moderately damaged buildings, which increases the seismic performance of the structural system by reducing the displacement demand. Fabricated steel panels are used for the retrofit. They are light-weight, easy to handle, and can be constructed very quickly. Moreover, they are cheap, and do not need formwork or skilled workers. They can be designed to compensate for the stiffness and strength degradation, and to fit easily inside a moderately damaged reinforced concrete frame. To test the concept, a half-scale, single-story 3D reinforced concrete frame specimen was constructed at the shake-table laboratories of the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute of Bogazici University, and subjected to recorded real earthquake base accelerations. The amplitudes of base accelerations were increased until a moderate damage level is reached. Then, the damaged RC frames was retrofitted by means of steel panels and tested under the same earthquake. The seismic performance of the specimen before and after the retrofit was evaluated using Turkish seismic code (2007) standards, and the results were compared in terms of stiffness, strength, and deformability. The results have confirmed effectiveness of the proposed retrofit scheme. In order to make this retrofit method easy to comprehend for civil engineers a real structure from Zeytinburnu is chosen to test the panels in computer environment. Performance of the structure evaluated in the same way and effectiveness of the panels have confirmed again.
Re-evaluation of earthquake performance and strengthening alternatives of Hagia Sophia
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2008., 2008.) Kırlangıç, Ahmet Serhan.; Durukal, Eser.
Static and dynamic linear analyses were carried out to evaluate the structural behaviour of and to propose strengthening strategies for Hagia Sophia. A Finite Element model of the structure was used for this purpose. While linear static self-weight and eigenvalue analyses were performed to ensure that the finite element model represents the structure, response spectrum analysis was used to obtain the deformation and stress distributions for determining the regions where intervention is needed. Response spectrum analysis revealed that main arches, semidomes and domebase exhibit high stress concentrations. These particular elements were the target zones for intervention. Two main strengthening strategies were considered: i) Retrofitting the main arches with post-tensioned bars, ii) Wrapping the structural elements with fiber reinforced polymers FRPs. These two strategies were modelled and changes in the structural behaviour were observed. The analyses revealed post-tensioning as a more effective approach as compared to wrapping the structural elements with FRP laminates.
Development of a low-cost aseismic base isolation device for protection of structural systems from damaging effects of earthquakes
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2009., 2009.) Kesti, Mustafa Gökhan.; Erdik, Mustafa.
Due to the killing thousands of people in the twentieth century and seismicity of our country, earthquakes are one of the most important natural hazards for our country. Therefore the earthquake resistance of structural system plays central role for earthquake protection. This M.Sc. thesis research’s concern is to illustrate some base isolation techniques and to propose a base isolation device to improve the earthquake resistance of structural systems. The so-called Ball-N-Cone (BNC) aseismic base isolation device is experimentally studied and results are given.
Seismic shear amplification in structural walls
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University.Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2009., 2009.) Düzgün, Emre.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
Earthquake resistant design of structural walls involves inhibiting brittle shear failure that would develop with the formation of plastic hinge at the base of the walls. During seismic action, recent studies demonstrate that maximum wall shear responses, during an earthquake depending on characteristics of the walls, are generally higher than the conventional code procedures, namely elastic analysis procedures, which can be attributed to the contribution of higher mode effects subsequent to the formation of plastic hinge at the base of the wall. In light of findings from analyses of structural walls, shear amplification factors have been proposed in Eurocode 8 EN1998-1 (CEN, 2004) to inhibit brittle shear failure occurrence in structural walls. Proposed relationships mainly depend on first mode period of wall and strength reduction factors. However, in Turkish Seismic Design Code, this issue has been handled by considering a constant base shear amplification of 1.5 regardless of first mode period and ductility level of the structural walls. Generic structural walls having four, eight, twelve, sixteen stories with different sectional properties have been analyzed in order to evaluate the dynamic shear amplification phenomenon. Responses of structural walls have been obtained through nonlinear analyses results such as base shear amplification factors, force and deformation responses. This study can be treated as an initial investigation for developing a sound procedure for shear design of structural walls in current code applications.
Effect of near-field ground motions on displacement amplification spectra in inelastic seismic performance evaluation
(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2011., 2011.) Bülbül, Yunus Emre.; Tanırcan, Gülüm.
Behavior of the structures under near-field ground motions is different than behavior of the structures under far-field ground motions, in terms of strength demand or inelastic displacement demand, and therefore, design processes should reflect characteristic properties of near-field ground motions. Current applications on inelastic structural performance estimation under earthquake excitations are based on constant ductility approach. However this approach is inadequate to capture inelastic displacement demand of near field earthquakes, since ductility demands are limited to certain values. In this study, nonlinear analysis of single degree of freedom structures under near-field strong ground motion excitations were performed based on constant strength reduction approach. Strength-based displacement amplification spectra of near-field ground motions were developed by utilizing 105 near-field records of 25 worldwide earthquakes. Near-field ground motions were classified according to their pulse periods. Vibration period was normalized with respect to pulse periods to eliminate the distinct pulses observed at long period regions on the amplification spectra. Effects of the stiffness degradation and post-yield stiffness ratio on the strength-based displacement amplification spectra were investigated. It was found that stiffness degradation has significant influence on the spectral displacement amplification ratios. Systems with modified-Clough stiffness degradation hysteretic model exhibit larger spectral amplification ratio than those with elasto-plastic hysteretic model. Post-yield stiffness ratios affect the spectra especially at the short normalized period regions. Finally, mean strength-based displacement amplification ratios for each pulse period intervals were proposed as regression equations as a function of normalized period and strength reduction factor. Numerical examples have revealed that for SDOF whose period larger than 1 sec., displacement amplification spectra take values between 1.1-2.6, where this value (modification factor, C1) is fixed to 1 in ASCE41-06.
Advance modelling and collapse risk estimation of a highway bridge
(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2013., 2013.) Görk, Serkan.; Şafak, Erdal.; Aydınoğlu, M. Nuray.
In this study, collapse risk of a highway bridge is estimated analytically using advance mathematical model. The concentration of this study is on advance modeling of the bridge, including linear sticks of beams, nonlinear modeling of piers and abutments with their shear capacities, inelastic connecting members, inelastic foundations and inelastic soil springs. The structural data including all geometry and dimensions, configuration of structural members and connecting elements, reinforcement details for piers, and material properties are taken from ‘as-built’ drawings of the bridge from contractors. Two different mathematical models have been constructed with different foundation conditions for nonlinear response history analyses with enough numbers of earthquake records. Collapse fragility curves are obtained in terms of spectral acceleration corresponding to dominant natural period of the bridge. The integration of collapse fragility curves of models and corresponding hazard curve gives the collapse risk of the bridge. In the first chapter of this study, the scope of the work and general information about the bridge has been given. In the second chapter, the methodology of estimating collapse risk in an analytical way has been introduced. The steps of collapse risk estimation have been explained. In the third chapter, mathematical modeling of the structure has been given in details. Materials, nonlinear load-carrying members, beams, connecting elements, foundation and soil properties have been given in detail. In the fourth chapter, analysis objectives, modal analysis results, the earthquake records and hazard curves have been presented. In the fifth chapter, fragility curves are developed and the collapse risk has been calculated for these two models. In the last chapter, the conclusions are presented and suggestions for improving this study are proposed.
Mitigation of earthquake induced geotechnical hazards using tire waste-sand mixtures
(Thesis (M.S.) - Bogazici University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, 2013., 2013.) Adır, Korhan.; Edinçliler, Ayşe.
Seismic Isolation Systems are among tools to achieve advanced earthquake-resistant designs, developed in last century. Commonly, the applications are seen in cases which it is aimed to stabilize structures considered to have critical and expensive content in front of a strong ground motion. Recently, an alternative technique for seismic protection had been proposed involving mixing soil with tire waste and so improving the mixture’s dynamic properties, than placing it around structures foundations. This soil improvement called as Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) is supposed to improve especially damping property. It is claimed that, when placed to underlying soil layer of a structure subject to seismic movement, it would level down the soil’s seismic movement transmittancy. This study investigates the applicability of GSI with numerical analysis. Reprocessed Tire Waste-Sand Mixtures (TWSM) from Tire Buffings and Tire Crumbs; of which, mechanical and dynamic properties were revealed for different mixing proportions; are chosen as GSI material alternatives. A finite element program developed as a plug-in on QUAD4M, Equivalent Linear Analysis (ELA) Software, able to model structure-subsoil system is used to perform numerical analyses with the TWSM experimental data. In the results of numerical analyses, TWSM use as GSI material is examined regarding the effect of structure’s number of storey, weight ratio of tire crumb over TWSM, different earthquake records, changing TWSM layer thickness, and pile foundation. During analysis, different earthquake records have been applied to TWSM-structure systems differed in reinforced concrete structure rise (low-medium), and soil layer; different depths of TWSM and pile foundation. Reduction of acceleration motions of rigid structure and inter-storey drift are selected as performance indicators. Results are investigated to reveal the effect of TW inclusion to earthquake induced soil standing under a low-medium rise structure and to comment the functionality of the use of improved soil as geotechnical seismic isolation.

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