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Browsing Psikoloji by Subject "Attachment behavior."
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Item Attachment in a cultural framework(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2006., 2006.) Halfon, Sibel.; Fişek, Güler Okman.The present study examined the indigenous behavioral expressions of attachment security. In the Turkish culture, attachment security was expected to be associated deference, obedience and respect (structural hierarchy/proper demeanor) along with emotional interdependence, empathy and receptivity (symbiosis reciprocity/positive engagement) instead of encouragement of autonomy. An expanding self construal was expected to moderate the relationship between attachment security and its behavioral expressions. 116 female and 94 male Bogaziçi University undergraduate students filled out the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Short Form (IPPA), Expanding Self Scale and Personal Style Inventory (PSI) (Autonomy and Sociotropy subscales) along with Structural Hierarchy/Proper Demeanor and Symbiosis Reciprocity/Positive Engagement Scales developed by the researcher. Correlational analyses revealed that as attachment security increased, autonomy decreased, structural hierarchy/proper demeanor and symbiosis reciprocity positive engagement increased. No relationship was found between attachment security and sociotropy. Multiple regression analyses indicated that an expanding self served to decrease the effect of maternal attachment security on symbiosis reciprocity/positive engagement while it did not effect the relationship between attachment security and other behavioral consequences tested. High and low score combinations of expanding self and security were created to develop some theoretical speculations for further research. The cultural differences found in the expression of attachment security were discussed in terms of the development of self in different cultures and neurobiological findings.Item Attachment style, family environment depression and anxiety(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1996., 1996.) Bekiroğlu, C. Baybars.; Alp, İ. Ercan.Attachment styles and their relationship to family environment, anxiety and depression were investigated. A sample consisting of 81 university students provided scores of attachment style (as measured by Adult Attachment Scale), perceived cohesion and control within the family (as measured by Family Environment Questionnaire), anxiety (as measured by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). As avoidance and ambivalence scores were very close in a considerable number of cases, these were collapsed into a single category of insecurity. Thus, in the analyses, the attachment quality variable had two levels, secure and insecure. The results indicated significant differences in terms of mean anxiety and depression scores between secure and insecure groups; insecure group scored higher in both variables, as it was hypothesized. In terms of perceived cohesion, a tendency for the secure group to score higher than the insecure group and in terms of control, a tendency to score lower than the insecure group were detected in the hypothesized direction. Male and female participants were not found to differ with respect to any of these variables.Item Childhood amnesia and attachment styles(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2010., 2010.) Canbolat, Sinem Özen.; Tekcan, Ali. İ.This study was conducted to compare the end age of childhood amnesia, for different attachment styles. It was predicted that high avoidant adults’ end age was later than low avoidant adults’, whereas the end age for anxious adults was earlier than low anxious ones’ end age. This difference was anticipated to be valid for especially attachment-related memories, but not for emotional or neutral memories. Participants wrote down their twelve earliest childhood memories that were attachment-related, emotional, or neutral. For every recollection, they also answered memory characteristics questions. “Experiences in Close Relationships Scale” (ECR) was used as a measurement of attachment. The results showed that similar to other interdependent cultures, the end age for childhood amnesia for Turkish culture was found to be later than western cultures that value independency. Earliest memories were found to be neutral. Females had better recall of childhood memories than males. There was not found any difference among attachment styles for age of childhood memories for different levels of anxious and avoidant people. However, avoidant adults recalled marginally more neutral memories, and before the ages 4 and 5, marginally less positive attachment memories than low avoidants. They had also recalled marginally less positive emotional memories from the first 5 years of life. This study was crucial as it pointed out a possible relationship between the end age of childhood amnesia and attachment style, and had implications about the type of early memories and the end age of childhood amnesia inTurkish culture.Item Maternal mind-mindedness and reflective functioning in relation to maternal sensitivity :|a cross-contextual examination(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Yıldız, Duygu.; Çorapçı, Feyza.Recent research on the infant-parent relationship emphasizes the importance of parental mentalization. In the present study, parental mentalization as a novel concept has been examined using different constructs with a sample of seventy-four infant-mother dyads in Turkey. Parental reflective functioning corresponds to parental mentalization on a representational level, whereas interactional mindmindedness refers to parental mentalization in performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these different constructs as well as their relationship with sensitivity. Parental reflective functioning was assessed with a questionnaire. Mind-mindedness and sensitivity were assessed via direct observations of the mother-infant interactions. Another aim of this study was to compare mind-mindedness assessed in stressful and non-stressful contexts. Thus, maternal mind-mindedness was observed in exploration, picture book, and the stressful reunion contexts in addition to traditionally used free-play. Results revealed that during the stressful episode, mothers made more mind-related comments on their infants’ mental states than they did in non-stressful situations. Furthermore, the rate of appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments across different contexts were differentially related with sensitivity measures. In terms of the relationship between parental reflective functioning and mind-mindedness, they were related to each other only when mind-mindedness was assessed in the exploration episode. In addition, a mediator effect of mind-related comments during exploration was found in the relationship between parental pre-mentalization and sensitivity. These results were discussed with regard to different contextual needs and cultural effects.Item The mediating role of affect regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and defense mechanisms(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2014., 2014.) Uğur, Hanife.; Köksal, Falih.The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of affect regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and five defense mechanisms (turning against object, projection, principalization, turning against self, and reversal). 87 Boğaziçi University students as participants were divided into three groups of attachment styles (anxious/ambivalent, avoidant, and secure) based on their scores in Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). They also completed Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies Scale (NMR) and Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) in order to measure affect regulation and five defense mechanisms, respectively. We expected that insecurely attached individuals (both anxious/ambivalent and avoidant) might use these five defenses less compared to securely attached ones due to their poor affect regulation capacities. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test this relationship. The results revealed that there is a relationship between attachment styles and defense mechanisms for the defenses PRI, TAS, and REV. For PRI and REV, this relationship results from only NMR. On the other hand, only attachment styles contributed to this relationship in TAS. However, contrary to our predictions, we were not able to observe any relationship among attachment styles, affect regulation, and TAO. The results were discussed in accordance with the literature about attachment, affect regulation, and defense mechanisms.|Keywords : affect regulation, attachment styles, defense mechanisms, affect.Item The relationship between self-construal and attachment style with mentalization capacity as a moderating variable(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022.) Akhüseyinoğlu Güler, Esra.; Sohtorik, Yasemin.; Fişek, Güler Okman.The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between attachment, self-construal and reflective functioning within two different Turkish samples and an American sample. The second aim of the study was to look at how these three concepts differ among the three samples. Online surveys consisting of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R), the Autonomous-Related Self Scale (ARS) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-54) with a short demographic form were carried out and data analysis was done with a total of 538 college students whose ages ranged from 18 to 26. The cultural comparison results showed that the Turkish participants scored higher in attachment anxiety, autonomous self and autonomous relational self than the American participants who scored higher in attachment avoidance. In all samples, a significant association between attachment and self-construal was found, while the hypothesized moderator role of reflective functioning was not present. A post hoc analysis was conducted with Turkish samples to explore the mediator role of reflective functioning on the link between attachment and self-construal. The results revealed that reflective functioning partially mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and autonomous relational self while fully mediated the link between attachment anxiety and autonomous relational self. Thus, it was concluded that secure attachment seems to facilitate the integration of autonomy and relationality needs through the ability to understand and reflect on one's own needs. All findings were discussed in view of the existing literature.