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Browsing Çevre Bilimleri by Subject "Antibiotics."
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Item Removal of antibiotics from animal waste by chemical oxidation processes(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Uslu, Havva Merih Ötker.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Concern about antibiotic contamination in the environment is growing worldwide because it promotes development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities. The study mainly focused on the complete elimination of antibiotics in animal wastes within short time periods to protect their spread on agricultural fields through fertilization. Ozone, Fenton’s reagent, and persulfate oxidants were applied to cow manure contaminated with oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine directly or after the pretreatment with magnesium salt which was applied to desorp oxytetracycline from the manure prior to oxidation. Almost the complete removal of antibacterials in manure was attained by all oxidation processes with the preceding magnesium salt pretreatment. Among the investigated oxidation processes, heat activated persulfate oxidation was the only process which was able to remove antibiotics completely from the manure under the applied experimental conditions. Pretreatment with magnesium salt was not essential for the efficient removal of oxytetracycline by subsequent Fenton and persulfate oxidation processes as it was for ozonation process. The use of bedding materials did not significantly affect the efficiencies of magnesium salt desorption and oxidation processes. Ozone and persulfate oxidation were effective in the removal of antibiotics from animal feeding wastewater with the production of almost non-toxic and biodegradable by-products.|Keywords: Advanced oxidation, antibiotics, animal waste, manure.Item Sorption and destruction of veterinary antibiotics on natural minerals(Thesis (M.S.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Erdinç, Aslin.; Balcıoğlu, Işıl.Excessive use of antibiotics induces accumulation of them in the environment and due to their adverse effects antibiotics are classified as an emergent pollutant. Considering the importance of antibiotic pollution control, the adsorption of a widely used tetracycline group antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC) onto perlite, sepiolite, and bentonite as natural adsorbents was investigated. The effects of initial antibiotic concentration, contact time, and pH on the adsorption of OTC were studied. Batch adsorption experiments indicate that the extent of sorption is strongly dependent on the pH of solution. The adsorption capacity of perlite, sepiolite, and bentonite for OTC at pH 6.5 was found 5.87, 5.57, and 10.93 mg g-1, respectively. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to the experimental data to describe the adsorption process. It was found that OTC adsorption on each adsorbent could be described more favorably by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Standard adsorption isotherms were used to fit the equilibrium data and isotherms of each adsorbent were adequately described by Freundlich and Temkin models. Among the investigated adsorbents bentonite exhibited the highest adsorption performance. The treatment of spent bentonite was also performed by Fenton and ozonation processes which efficiently degraded OTC. While the extraction pretreatment enhanced the OTC degradation efficiency of ozonation process, it didn’t affect the performance of Fenton process.|Keywords: Oxytetracycline, Perlite, Sepiolite, Bentonite, Advance Oxidation