Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık

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A career decision-making program for lycée students
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) İncesulu, Ayşim.; Öner, Necla.
A career decision-making program! based on Jackson-Egner's (1978) career decision making model, was adapted to provide a counseling intervention in facilitating students' career maturity development. The Career Maturity Inventory originated by Crites (1978) was also translated and adapted to be used as a supplementary source in facilitating the program. The program was administered to 46 ninth grade students in a ,private lycee. There were 24 male, 22 female students all around the age of fifteen years old. Students ' informal evaluations were derived through a questionnaire and oral reports. Feedback obtained from the questionnaire and oral reports indicated that the students generally found the Career Decision Making Program quite beneficial. They indicated that they were interested in and made use of the occupational information given. Exploring their interest areas as well as alternative solutions offered in case of a problem like failing at university enterance exams were found very useful and encouraging. Impressionistic evidence accumulated in this project raised the question about the feasibility of Super's Developmental Self Concept Theory of Vocational Behavior for students in Turkey. Values, expactations and opportunities this theory assumes are different from those that exist in Turkey. Limitations based on such theoretical assumptions and practical applications in career choice in Turkey, and recommendations to develop a more applicable Career Decision Making Program for Turkish students than the one attempted here were discussed.
A longitudinal examination of self-efficacy in the transition to motherhood
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2021., 2021.) Sorgun, Sedanur.; Yeniad, Nihal.; Börkan, Bengü.
Previous research consistently revealed that self-efficacy (SE) in the parenting role is critical for parenting skills and child adjustment (Jones & Prinz, 2005). The present study investigated the predictors of SE in the transition to motherhood in a sample of 113 first-time expectant mothers who were at the last trimester of their pregnancy. One hundred of them participated to the follow-up assessment at 4 months postpartum. Participating mothers reported their SE beliefs in the parenting role and depressive symptoms through questionnaires both prenatally and postnatally. Information about their perceived social support and pregnancy-specific distress in the prenatal period and infant characteristics (sex and temperament) was also obtained through self-report. The findings showed that prenatal efficacy expectations were predicted by depressive symptoms, pregnancy-specific distress and social support, specifically support from family. Likewise, social support and SE beliefs during pregnancy as well as depressive symptoms postpartum uniquely predicted postnatal maternal efficacy beliefs while infant sex and temperament did not significantly contribute to this outcome. Furthermore, the sense of SE increased from pregnancy to the postnatal period and pre-post changes in depressive symptoms predicted this increase in maternal SE. Infant temperament did not moderate the relation between depressive symptoms and parenting self-efficacy in the postnatal period. Overall, the results point out the importance of mood and social support in shaping SE beliefs of primiparous mothers. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in the context of psychological counseling in detail.
A preliminary adaptation of the Minnesota Counseling Inventory
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1979., 1979.) Akdağ, Fusun.; Fişek, Güler Okman.
A program for adolescents about their physical, physiological, sexual, emotional and social changes and development
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1982., 1982.) Kulaksızoğlu, Adnan, 1947-; Baykal, Ali.
In this study, a short-term program was developed to give some essential information to adolescents about their physical, physiological, sexual, emotional and social changes and development, and to help them to lessen their anxieties which are the natural outcomes of the adolescence period. The seven-unit program, was applied to 22 Lise students living in an orphanege called Mevlanakapı Yetiştirme Yurdu. In order to assess the effects of this program, Mooney Problem Check List was given to the students before and after the course, and the differences between the number of items checked were evaluated. Almost all of the items on the Check-List are marked by a smaller number of students at the end of the program. In addition, five-item quetsionnaire was given at the end of the course to find out how the students evaluate this program. According to observations and analysis of data obtained through Problem Check List and five-item evaluation questionnaire, it can be said that this program had on positive effect on the students. It seems that this program ond the similar ones to be developed may be useful for adolescents and can be incorporated easily in school curricula.
A project to test the interjudge reliability and construct validity of formative evaluation for preschool objectives
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Uzunkavak, Ozânâ.; Yıldıran-Stodolsky, Güzver.
An exploration of maternal transition from the perspective of employed pregnant women
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Kurç, Merve.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.
Transition to parenthood is one of the landmarks of adulthood. This period begins with pregnancy for women. This study aims to explore employed women’s psychological experiences during pregnancy, to understand the level and kind of support they have and they need, and also to examine the kind of coping strategies they implement in order to cope with the negative situations experienced during this period. Schlossberg’s transition theory provides the conceptual framework for this study. The participants of the study were purposively chosen 12 primigravid pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy, all of whom were employed. For data collection, a semi-structured interview protocol was developed and implemented by the researcher. Qualitative approach was employed, and thematic analysis was conducted. Six themes (Physical complaints, mixed feelings, a new life, worry about the unknown, support, coping strategies), and 11 subthemes emerged. It is believed that this study will assist psychological counselors and health practitioners to provide programs and services that efficiently serve the needs of employed pregnant women. Moreover, it is expected that the study will guide partners, other family members, friends and employers of pregnant women to support them more effectively.
Beliefs about children's upbringing:|The views of Turkish mothers and preschool teachers
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Çetintaş, Şeyda.; Yeniad, Nihal.; Emmen, Rosanneke A. G.
Child-caregiver relationship is of critical importance for the child‟s social-emotional development. Earlier studies on caregivers‟ sensitivity beliefs have focused on parents‟ childrearing beliefs and behaviors. Although there are some studies on beliefs of some childcare providers such as child psychologists, parenting counselors, and family therapists, the question if parents‟ caregiving beliefs are consistent with the beliefs of preschool caregivers regarding upbringing has not been studied. So, the main goal of the present study was to compare the views of the mothers‟ and to those of their children‟s teachers at preschool about caregiving sensitivity. The sample consisted of a total of 87 caregivers (36 preschool teachers and 51 mothers). Mothers‟ and teachers‟ views about the ideal sensitive mother were measured by the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort Version 3.1 (MBQS) and their views were compared with a criterion sort provided by the experts in the field. Additional comparisons were done to examine if the mothers‟ sensitivity beliefs differed in relation to their education level or their children‟s psychological difficulties which were measured by mother- and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results indicated both similarities and differences in beliefs about sensitive behaviors. Although they shared similar views with experts and with each other, they showed some differences in how descriptive they found the behaviors indicated in MBQS. Education level was found to be as an important indicator of the sensitivity. Hypotheses of the study and the results will be discussed in line with the related literature.
Cybercounseling from the perspective of cybercounselors :|opportunities and challenges
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Yılmaz, Fatih.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the web has gradually become a media for reaching mental health services. Counselees demand counseling services through the internet and cybercounselors started to supply those services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the opportunities and challenges of cybercounseling in terms of how cybercounselors experience them. Participants of the study were seven cybercounselors purposively selected and who pursue their practice in Turkey. For data collection, a semi-structured interview protocol was developed and implemented by the researcher. As a result of the thematic qualitative analysis, in-depth knowledge on the cybercounselors practices was reached. One of the major findings of the study is that there are opportunities for both counselors and counselees such as convenience, receiving counseling in one’s mother tongue, and saving time. Cybercounseling also has some challenges such as technological insufficiencies and incompatibility for certain techniques and cases. However, the study revealed that counselors found strategies, such as developing a new perspective for counseling and establishing new rules to ensure ethical conduct, in order to overcome those challenges. There are some limitations in the study resulting from the nature of qualitative research sampling. The results are not generalizable; however in-depth understanding was achieved. The study has implications for cybercounselors, counseling educators, and policy-makers.
Disability microaggressions toward students in inclusive settings :|The perspective of school counselors
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Yılmaz, Osman.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.
The present study investigated the disability microaggressions toward students in inclusive settings shown by counselors, teachers, administrators, the parents of students without disabilities, and the peers of students in inclusive settings. In addition to understanding disability microaggressions, the changes in counselors’ perceptions regarding students in inclusive settings over time and school counselors’ current and future practices to create a social justice-based learning environment for students in inclusive settings were investigated. In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 13 counselors working at public primary and secondary schools in Bağcılar, İstanbul to understand both counselors’ own disability microaggressions and their observations regarding discriminations toward students in inclusive settings. Data was analyzed through utilizing consensual qualitative research method. The findings indicated that school counselors mostly showed disability microaggressions; namely patronization, secondary gain, spread effect, and otherization. The microaggressive acts shown by teachers and administrators were mostly grouped as second class citizenship and systemic discriminations. Also, the parents and the peers showed mostly direct discriminations toward students in inclusive settings. The changes in counselors’ perceptions were mostly related to their knowledge levels in inclusive educational practices; and their practices in the field of disability were mostly limited to their legal and professional requirements, other than social justice-based practices. The practical implications for school counselors and policy makers were also discussed.
Expanding a counseling intake form and examining psychosocial problems of university students
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Cihan, Akın.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.
This survey study attempted to determine the psychosocial problems of university students while updating an existing university counseling intake form. The updated form was expanded by adding some problem items and questions on student characteristics and prepared to be filled as an electronic form. The accessible population was students of a public university in İstanbul who were around 18-25 ages. The link to the survey form was shared to via e-mails and social media groups. The data were collected anonymously and analyzed cumulatively. Participants were 741 students, about two thirds being female. The problem areas that emerged as eight factors were career/future concerns, problems with affect, academic problems, relational issues, problems with culture, health concerns, addiction, and traumatic experiences, in order of prevalence. Females reported more problems in career/future, affect, culture, and health, while males reported more problems in addiction. English Preparatory students had less concerns about their career/future than undergraduate and graduate students. Involvement in extracurricular activities seemed to be protective factor for students’ future/career, academic problems, and relational issues. Students who were interested to live abroad reported more problems with culture and addiction. Students with history of receiving psychological help, and suicidal thoughts and attempts reported more problems in most areas. The practical implication of the study was that university students had serious career/future, academic and counseling needs that await being addressed by university administrations and policy makers.
Exploring the influence of youtubers on adolescents’ identity construction :|an interpretative phenomenological analysis
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Akbaş, Merve Nadide.; Gürsel Bilgin, Gülistan.
The present study investigated the influence of YouTubers on adolescents’ identity construction as well as aiming at exploring what kind of interactions occur between YouTubers and adolescents. In this context, this study intended to understand the YouTubers’ role in adolescents’ lives in terms of mindset and daily practices. In this qualitative research, the data gathered from 10 adolescents, most of whom are living in Istanbul. The data was collected through interviews in order to get in-depth information about the identity experiences of adolescents. The results of the interviews were analyzed through the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The results of the study revealed that YouTubers helped adolescents to become integrated into society by noticing the similar aspects of their identities such as feelings, thoughts, and beliefs. On the other hand, YouTubers have been found to assist adolescents to discover their individuality through their videos and comments of other viewers on these videos. Also, it has been observed that the exploration option and range of social interaction extended thanks to YouTubers. However, it has been revealed that adolescents sometimes overly identified themselves with YouTubers, imitate them and implement YouTubers’ recommendation without questioning. Considering this fact, it has been observed that the awareness level of adolescents about how much they are affected by YouTubers is insufficient, so it is essential to empower adolescents’ new media literacy. As a result, the practical implications for parents, counselors, and authorities are discussed.
First-time mothers’ prenatal expectations about coparenting and their postnatal experiences
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Ünverdi, Büşra.; Börkan, Bengü.; Yeniad, Nihal.
The aim of this study is to investigate primiparous women’s perceptions of coparenting with a specific focus on childcare task division with their partners. Mothers’ prenatal expectations, postnatal experiences, and expectation violations regarding postnatal childcare task division have been explored using a longitudinal design. In the first stage, 113 pregnant women participated in the study, with 97 participating in the second stage (i.e., 4-months postpartum). Family income, couple satisfaction, social support, child characteristics (temperament and sex), and environmental support (grandparental task division and number of caregivers) are used as predictors of childcare task division expectations, experiences, and expectation violations. The results indicate mothers’ prenatal expectations about childcare task division with their husbands to have been towards egalitarian sharing, but most had their expectations violated as the mothers reported doing most of the childcare tasks in the postnatal period. While difference in the mothers’ expectations could not be explained with the predictor variables, postnatal couple satisfaction has been found as the unique predictor of postnatal childcare task division. Moreover, expectation violations are seen to be predicted by family income and couple satisfaction. As a result, the unique importance of couple satisfaction for paternal involvement with childcare has been revealed, with implications for psychological counseling interventions being discussed. Counselors are recommended to guide parents to share their expectations about child-related responsibilities, and handle marital relationship and coparenting together during counseling process.
Increasing assertiveness in junior high students with a special training program
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Atlas, Aynur.; Çulha, Meral Ü.
This study investigated the effects of it group assertiveness training program on unassertive pre-adolescent students (approximately 15-16 years old), of mixed gender. The subjects were drawn from Orta 3 Robert College students who were volunteers joining the study during the first semester of 1983-84 school year. Twelve students for the experimental group and twelve students for the control group were randomly selected among unassertive s tudents. Each group included six boys and girls. Assertiveness of the students was measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). It was used both in pre-test and in post-test. Pretest-Posttest control group design was used in the study. The study was conceived within a theoretical framework which emphasized correspondence between the individual and the environment. The program was developed according to the needs of the group members.Training was given to only the experimental group during guidance hours once a week for seven weeks, and each session lasted 45 minutes. The counseling service was used for the meetings. The majority (67.2 per cent) of the Robert College Orta 3 students appeared to be asserdive. According to the findings the AT group showed a significantly greater improvement than no-teatment control group on the RAS. In post treatment discussion the group members stated that they had found AT program useful, understood assertiveness better in improving their assertive behavior. Consequenltly, it can be said tha t such training was effective in increasing the assertiveness of pre-adolescent boys and girls as evaluated by self report and the test results.
Lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022) Özdemir, Sümeyye.; Aksoy Toska, Gizem.
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye. In this qualitative study which aimed to understand how having a child undergoing cancer treatment influences the parents, the participants talked about their experiences before the diagnosis, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies and changes in their perspective. Ten parents whose children were between the ages of 7 and 17 and were diagnosed with any type of cancer at least three months ago were interviewed. The data emerged from the interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings of the study were presented under the headings of being a parent of a child diagnosed with cancer, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies, and changes in perspective. The findings were examined in relation to the literature. Roles and practices of psychological counselors were highlighted. Limitations of the study were identified. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the professionals, policy makers, and researchers.
Maternal representations during pregnancy :|a study of the five minute speech sample among primiparous women
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Hacıoğlu, Melike.; Yeniad, Nihal.
The present study examined primiparous women’s mental representations about their unborn baby in relation to their age, prenatal distress, depression, and family income. The sample included 108 expectant mothers, who were in the last trimester of their pregnancy and aged between 21 and 42 years (M = 29.8). The data was collected through home visits. Maternal representations were measured through the Five Minute Speech Sample (Gottschalk & Glesser, 1969) procedure and the samples were coded using the Narrative Coherence scale (Sher-Censor & Yates, 2010). Prenatal distress (Yali & Lobel, 1999) and depression were assessed through the Prenatal Distress Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale (Radloff, 1977) respectively. The correlations showed that there was variability in relationship among some scores such as focus, elaboration, acceptance, complexity, and coherence. The results of logistic regression analyses revealed that while mothers with higher levels of income used more elaborated narratives about their unborn babies and future mother-infant relationship, they were more concerned about the potential challenges of parenting compared to those with lower levels of income. Moreover, they were more likely to be distracted and lose their focus instead of keeping the baby and relationship as the focal subject of the speech. The practical and methodological implications are discussed from a scientist-practitioner perspective.
Parental rejection, best-friend rejection, and self-compassion as predictors of internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Ardil, Varol.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.
The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal, paternal, best-friend rejection and self-compassion predict internet addiction among university students considering two different life conditions: before Covid-19 and during COVID-19. The sample of the study consisted of 364 university students; 270 females and 94 males, with mean ages of 21.52 and 21.81, respectively. Demographic Information Form, Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire Mother and Father Short Forms, Best-Friend Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Short Form, and Self-Compassion Scale were utilized for data collection and multiple regression was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that maternal rejection (before COVID-19: ß = .35, p < .001; During COVID-19: ß = .38, p < .001) and self-compassion (before COVID-19: ß = -.28, p < .05; during COVID-19: ß = -.36, p < .001) were significant predictors of internet addiction in males, whereas only self-compassion (before COVID-19: ß = -.25, p < .001; During COVID -19: ß = -.30, p < .001) was a significant predictor of internet addiction in females. Therefore, gender should be considered when working with people who tend to develop internet addiction. It is also concluded that providing preventive strategies based on self-compassion and relationships with mothers may protect university students from internet addiction and its harmful consequences.
Perceived social support and the psychological well-being of adolescent Syrian refugees
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Çakmak, Betül Gülcan.; Börkan, Bengü.; Yeniad, Nihal.
The present study investigated the level of perceived social support (SS) and psychological well-being (well-being) in Syrian adolescents in comparison with Turkish adolescents from various socioeconomic status (SES). Also, the roles of the family SES, gender, health, and traumatic experiences on the adolescents’ well-being were investigated. Participants were 178 Syrian and 238 Turkish adolescents and their mothers. The Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and a survey including questions related to the demographic and family SES information were administered to adolescents and a survey assessing the family SES, adolescents’ health and traumatic experience were administered to mothers. Based on the findings, Syrian adolescents had lower levels of SS and well-being than Turkish adolescents did. A higher level of well-being was associated with a higher level of SS (mother, teacher, and classmate). However, the correlation between SS (mother and father) and well-being varied across groups. While the relationship between teacher support and psychological difficulties was moderated by gender in both groups, the relationship between mother support and psychological difficulties was moderated by gender only in Syrian adolescents. The relationship between psychological difficulties and father support was moderated by health only in Syrian adolescents who had health-related problems. Lastly, Syrian adolescents differed on SS and well-being based on their experience of residing in refugee camps. The practical implications for school counselors were discussed.
Predictive role of perfectionism on academic achievement life satisfaction
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2008., 2008.) Göç, Zeynep.; Erkman, Fatoş.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of perfectionism on the level of achievement and life satisfaction. In this context, the impact of various perfectionism dimensions (excessive concern over mistakes, high personal standards, doubts about actions, need for organization, high parental expectations and excessive parental criticism), adaptive, maladaptive or overall perfectionism on academic achievement, various life satisfaction dimensions (friend, family, school, environment and self) and overall life satisfaction of male and female high school students was explored. The study was carried out in 3 high schools in İstanbul and 181, 10th grade students who were selected from these schools formed the sample of the study. The Turkish form of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Turkish form of Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and demographic information form were administered to participants. Multiple regression analyses revealed that excessive criticism showed a general maladaptive pattern and predicted academic achiement, fried satisfaction and family satisfaction negatively. Adaptive perfectionism, on the other hand, made a positive contribution to the overall life satisfaction and school satisfaction. Relying on these results, it can be concluded that this study confirmed the importance of the parenting style and the quality of parent-child relationships in terms of predicting life satisfaction of adolescents and the importance of adaptive perfectionism (the combined effect of having high personal standards and of being ordered and organized) for satisfaction with life and its dimensions.
Relationships among childhood experiences, emotion regulation, shame coping and psychological adjustment of college students
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2022., 2022.) Simsar, İrem.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.
The purpose of this study was to investigate and explore the possible pathways of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences and psychological distress mediated by emotion regulation strategies and shame coping of college students who are in the emerging adulthood period. The sample of the study consisted of 393 college students. The data collection instruments were Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10-PDS), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Scale, Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, The Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS). Path analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore possible pathways among variables. Results indicated that both ACEs and BCEs were directly related with psychological distress of college students (for ACEs β = .139, p < .05; for BCEs β = -.104, p < .05). Also, both ACEs and BCEs were indirectly associated with psychological distress of college students via emotion regulation strategies namely reappraisal and suppression and maladaptive shame coping style (for ACEs β = .088, p < .001; for BCEs β = -.139, p < .001). Psychological counseling and preventive interventions for college students may focus on providing trainings on increasing adaptive emotion regulation and shame coping skills. Keywords: Emerging adulthood, college students, psychological distress, childhood experiences, emotion regulation, shame coping.
The concept of coıınselor of tenth grade (Lycee 2) girls in a Turkish school compared with their concepts of teacher, mother and confidante
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1979., 2021.) Manyasiğ, Yeşim.; Ener, Judith.
The role and the function of the counselor is difficult to define, because counseling is a new profession. Studies in the American literatüre show that only some of the children in schools with established guidance programs have developed an idea of what the counselor should be doing. In Turkey the guidance counseling movement is cotnparatively new, therefore it is quite probable that the ideas of counseling and the role of the counselor in the school are quite vague in the minds of many people. The present descriptive study tried to investigate the meaning of the concept of counselor of a small select group of Turkish female students who had been exposed to counseling, in compa rison to the meaning of the concepts of mother, teacher and confidante of the same students, It was felt that the individuals represented by the concepts of mother, teach er and c onfi dante were ali people whose func tions and roles might conveivably overlap at times with the concept of the counselor, making it difficult for students to distinguish them and causing students to assign certain cha racteristics in common to several or ali of them. Further it was felt that since some of the concepts were perhaps more familiar to the majority of the students than others, (e.g. concept of mother versus concept of counselor) that, sensing a relationship between concepts, they would perhaps assign some of the attributes of the more well-known concepts to the coposelor. Subjects for the study were selected frora among students of Üsküdar American College for Girls, Lycee 2 class (lûth grade) who had been exposed to some counseling and who were at an age to be able to distinguish between counselor, mother, teacher and confidante. The students rated each of the above concepts, counselor, mother, teacher and confidante on a semantic differential scale of nine bipolar adjectives and the Wilcoxon test was applied to the data received. The results showed that the students did not statistically differentiate among the four concepts in terms of the bipolar adjective check list. This was interpreted to mean that there was no significant difference in the rating intensities of adjectives for the four concepts. However, there was a ten dency in student's responses to rate the mother and the con» f_i_dajvte more favorably than either the counselor or the teacher, who was given the least favorable ratings among ali four.

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