Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık

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A career decision-making program for lycée students
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) İncesulu, Ayşim.; Öner, Necla.
A career decision-making program! based on Jackson-Egner's (1978) career decision making model, was adapted to provide a counseling intervention in facilitating students' career maturity development. The Career Maturity Inventory originated by Crites (1978) was also translated and adapted to be used as a supplementary source in facilitating the program. The program was administered to 46 ninth grade students in a ,private lycee. There were 24 male, 22 female students all around the age of fifteen years old. Students ' informal evaluations were derived through a questionnaire and oral reports. Feedback obtained from the questionnaire and oral reports indicated that the students generally found the Career Decision Making Program quite beneficial. They indicated that they were interested in and made use of the occupational information given. Exploring their interest areas as well as alternative solutions offered in case of a problem like failing at university enterance exams were found very useful and encouraging. Impressionistic evidence accumulated in this project raised the question about the feasibility of Super's Developmental Self Concept Theory of Vocational Behavior for students in Turkey. Values, expactations and opportunities this theory assumes are different from those that exist in Turkey. Limitations based on such theoretical assumptions and practical applications in career choice in Turkey, and recommendations to develop a more applicable Career Decision Making Program for Turkish students than the one attempted here were discussed.
A longitudinal examination of self-efficacy in the transition to motherhood
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2021., 2021.) Sorgun, Sedanur.; Yeniad, Nihal.; Börkan, Bengü.
Previous research consistently revealed that self-efficacy (SE) in the parenting role is critical for parenting skills and child adjustment (Jones & Prinz, 2005). The present study investigated the predictors of SE in the transition to motherhood in a sample of 113 first-time expectant mothers who were at the last trimester of their pregnancy. One hundred of them participated to the follow-up assessment at 4 months postpartum. Participating mothers reported their SE beliefs in the parenting role and depressive symptoms through questionnaires both prenatally and postnatally. Information about their perceived social support and pregnancy-specific distress in the prenatal period and infant characteristics (sex and temperament) was also obtained through self-report. The findings showed that prenatal efficacy expectations were predicted by depressive symptoms, pregnancy-specific distress and social support, specifically support from family. Likewise, social support and SE beliefs during pregnancy as well as depressive symptoms postpartum uniquely predicted postnatal maternal efficacy beliefs while infant sex and temperament did not significantly contribute to this outcome. Furthermore, the sense of SE increased from pregnancy to the postnatal period and pre-post changes in depressive symptoms predicted this increase in maternal SE. Infant temperament did not moderate the relation between depressive symptoms and parenting self-efficacy in the postnatal period. Overall, the results point out the importance of mood and social support in shaping SE beliefs of primiparous mothers. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in the context of psychological counseling in detail.
A preliminary adaptation of the Minnesota Counseling Inventory
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1979., 1979.) Akdağ, Fusun.; Fişek, Güler Okman.
A program for adolescents about their physical, physiological, sexual, emotional and social changes and development
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1982., 1982.) Kulaksızoğlu, Adnan, 1947-; Baykal, Ali.
In this study, a short-term program was developed to give some essential information to adolescents about their physical, physiological, sexual, emotional and social changes and development, and to help them to lessen their anxieties which are the natural outcomes of the adolescence period. The seven-unit program, was applied to 22 Lise students living in an orphanege called Mevlanakapı Yetiştirme Yurdu. In order to assess the effects of this program, Mooney Problem Check List was given to the students before and after the course, and the differences between the number of items checked were evaluated. Almost all of the items on the Check-List are marked by a smaller number of students at the end of the program. In addition, five-item quetsionnaire was given at the end of the course to find out how the students evaluate this program. According to observations and analysis of data obtained through Problem Check List and five-item evaluation questionnaire, it can be said that this program had on positive effect on the students. It seems that this program ond the similar ones to be developed may be useful for adolescents and can be incorporated easily in school curricula.
A project to test the interjudge reliability and construct validity of formative evaluation for preschool objectives
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Uzunkavak, Ozânâ.; Yıldıran-Stodolsky, Güzver.
An exploration of maternal transition from the perspective of employed pregnant women
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Kurç, Merve.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.
Transition to parenthood is one of the landmarks of adulthood. This period begins with pregnancy for women. This study aims to explore employed women’s psychological experiences during pregnancy, to understand the level and kind of support they have and they need, and also to examine the kind of coping strategies they implement in order to cope with the negative situations experienced during this period. Schlossberg’s transition theory provides the conceptual framework for this study. The participants of the study were purposively chosen 12 primigravid pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy, all of whom were employed. For data collection, a semi-structured interview protocol was developed and implemented by the researcher. Qualitative approach was employed, and thematic analysis was conducted. Six themes (Physical complaints, mixed feelings, a new life, worry about the unknown, support, coping strategies), and 11 subthemes emerged. It is believed that this study will assist psychological counselors and health practitioners to provide programs and services that efficiently serve the needs of employed pregnant women. Moreover, it is expected that the study will guide partners, other family members, friends and employers of pregnant women to support them more effectively.
Beliefs about children's upbringing:|The views of Turkish mothers and preschool teachers
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Çetintaş, Şeyda.; Yeniad, Nihal.; Emmen, Rosanneke A. G.
Child-caregiver relationship is of critical importance for the child‟s social-emotional development. Earlier studies on caregivers‟ sensitivity beliefs have focused on parents‟ childrearing beliefs and behaviors. Although there are some studies on beliefs of some childcare providers such as child psychologists, parenting counselors, and family therapists, the question if parents‟ caregiving beliefs are consistent with the beliefs of preschool caregivers regarding upbringing has not been studied. So, the main goal of the present study was to compare the views of the mothers‟ and to those of their children‟s teachers at preschool about caregiving sensitivity. The sample consisted of a total of 87 caregivers (36 preschool teachers and 51 mothers). Mothers‟ and teachers‟ views about the ideal sensitive mother were measured by the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort Version 3.1 (MBQS) and their views were compared with a criterion sort provided by the experts in the field. Additional comparisons were done to examine if the mothers‟ sensitivity beliefs differed in relation to their education level or their children‟s psychological difficulties which were measured by mother- and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results indicated both similarities and differences in beliefs about sensitive behaviors. Although they shared similar views with experts and with each other, they showed some differences in how descriptive they found the behaviors indicated in MBQS. Education level was found to be as an important indicator of the sensitivity. Hypotheses of the study and the results will be discussed in line with the related literature.
Counseling needs of gifted children : the perspectives of psychological counselors
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Güneş, Burcu.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the perspectives of psychological counselors regarding gifted children in public primary schools in İstanbul. Within this purpose, children and professional needs were investigated. In this qualitative study, eight interviews were conducted using a semi-structured form with one male and seven female psychological counselors aged between 29 and 37 years old. Two of them had former work experience in the Science and Art Center (BİLSEM), the public institution for gifted education. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that psychological counselors conceptualize giftedness in various ways, namely social skills, diversity, getting easily bored, creative thinking, special ability in a particular field, curiosity, awareness, learning style, interest area, and emotional skills. Additionally, they indicated loneliness, acceptance and recognition, anxiety, frustration, pressure for success, perfectionism, time management, and career-related issues as counseling needs of gifted children. According to psychological counselors, gifted children were often subjected to at least one of the labeling types; namely glorification, exclusion, favor, alienation, or hiding the gift. Psychological counselors indicated their professional needs as professional competence and systemic barriers. Finally, individual counseling, group guidance, individual guidance, and group counseling were the most utilized approaches when working with gifted children. The practical implications for psychological counselors, teachers, parents, and policy makers were also discussed.
Cybercounseling from the perspective of cybercounselors :|opportunities and challenges
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Yılmaz, Fatih.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the web has gradually become a media for reaching mental health services. Counselees demand counseling services through the internet and cybercounselors started to supply those services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the opportunities and challenges of cybercounseling in terms of how cybercounselors experience them. Participants of the study were seven cybercounselors purposively selected and who pursue their practice in Turkey. For data collection, a semi-structured interview protocol was developed and implemented by the researcher. As a result of the thematic qualitative analysis, in-depth knowledge on the cybercounselors practices was reached. One of the major findings of the study is that there are opportunities for both counselors and counselees such as convenience, receiving counseling in one’s mother tongue, and saving time. Cybercounseling also has some challenges such as technological insufficiencies and incompatibility for certain techniques and cases. However, the study revealed that counselors found strategies, such as developing a new perspective for counseling and establishing new rules to ensure ethical conduct, in order to overcome those challenges. There are some limitations in the study resulting from the nature of qualitative research sampling. The results are not generalizable; however in-depth understanding was achieved. The study has implications for cybercounselors, counseling educators, and policy-makers.
Disability microaggressions toward students in inclusive settings :|The perspective of school counselors
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Yılmaz, Osman.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.
The present study investigated the disability microaggressions toward students in inclusive settings shown by counselors, teachers, administrators, the parents of students without disabilities, and the peers of students in inclusive settings. In addition to understanding disability microaggressions, the changes in counselors’ perceptions regarding students in inclusive settings over time and school counselors’ current and future practices to create a social justice-based learning environment for students in inclusive settings were investigated. In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 13 counselors working at public primary and secondary schools in Bağcılar, İstanbul to understand both counselors’ own disability microaggressions and their observations regarding discriminations toward students in inclusive settings. Data was analyzed through utilizing consensual qualitative research method. The findings indicated that school counselors mostly showed disability microaggressions; namely patronization, secondary gain, spread effect, and otherization. The microaggressive acts shown by teachers and administrators were mostly grouped as second class citizenship and systemic discriminations. Also, the parents and the peers showed mostly direct discriminations toward students in inclusive settings. The changes in counselors’ perceptions were mostly related to their knowledge levels in inclusive educational practices; and their practices in the field of disability were mostly limited to their legal and professional requirements, other than social justice-based practices. The practical implications for school counselors and policy makers were also discussed.
Expanding a counseling intake form and examining psychosocial problems of university students
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Cihan, Akın.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.
This survey study attempted to determine the psychosocial problems of university students while updating an existing university counseling intake form. The updated form was expanded by adding some problem items and questions on student characteristics and prepared to be filled as an electronic form. The accessible population was students of a public university in İstanbul who were around 18-25 ages. The link to the survey form was shared to via e-mails and social media groups. The data were collected anonymously and analyzed cumulatively. Participants were 741 students, about two thirds being female. The problem areas that emerged as eight factors were career/future concerns, problems with affect, academic problems, relational issues, problems with culture, health concerns, addiction, and traumatic experiences, in order of prevalence. Females reported more problems in career/future, affect, culture, and health, while males reported more problems in addiction. English Preparatory students had less concerns about their career/future than undergraduate and graduate students. Involvement in extracurricular activities seemed to be protective factor for students’ future/career, academic problems, and relational issues. Students who were interested to live abroad reported more problems with culture and addiction. Students with history of receiving psychological help, and suicidal thoughts and attempts reported more problems in most areas. The practical implication of the study was that university students had serious career/future, academic and counseling needs that await being addressed by university administrations and policy makers.
Exploring the influence of youtubers on adolescents’ identity construction :|an interpretative phenomenological analysis
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Akbaş, Merve Nadide.; Gürsel Bilgin, Gülistan.
The present study investigated the influence of YouTubers on adolescents’ identity construction as well as aiming at exploring what kind of interactions occur between YouTubers and adolescents. In this context, this study intended to understand the YouTubers’ role in adolescents’ lives in terms of mindset and daily practices. In this qualitative research, the data gathered from 10 adolescents, most of whom are living in Istanbul. The data was collected through interviews in order to get in-depth information about the identity experiences of adolescents. The results of the interviews were analyzed through the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The results of the study revealed that YouTubers helped adolescents to become integrated into society by noticing the similar aspects of their identities such as feelings, thoughts, and beliefs. On the other hand, YouTubers have been found to assist adolescents to discover their individuality through their videos and comments of other viewers on these videos. Also, it has been observed that the exploration option and range of social interaction extended thanks to YouTubers. However, it has been revealed that adolescents sometimes overly identified themselves with YouTubers, imitate them and implement YouTubers’ recommendation without questioning. Considering this fact, it has been observed that the awareness level of adolescents about how much they are affected by YouTubers is insufficient, so it is essential to empower adolescents’ new media literacy. As a result, the practical implications for parents, counselors, and authorities are discussed.
First-time mothers’ prenatal expectations about coparenting and their postnatal experiences
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Ünverdi, Büşra.; Börkan, Bengü.; Yeniad, Nihal.
The aim of this study is to investigate primiparous women’s perceptions of coparenting with a specific focus on childcare task division with their partners. Mothers’ prenatal expectations, postnatal experiences, and expectation violations regarding postnatal childcare task division have been explored using a longitudinal design. In the first stage, 113 pregnant women participated in the study, with 97 participating in the second stage (i.e., 4-months postpartum). Family income, couple satisfaction, social support, child characteristics (temperament and sex), and environmental support (grandparental task division and number of caregivers) are used as predictors of childcare task division expectations, experiences, and expectation violations. The results indicate mothers’ prenatal expectations about childcare task division with their husbands to have been towards egalitarian sharing, but most had their expectations violated as the mothers reported doing most of the childcare tasks in the postnatal period. While difference in the mothers’ expectations could not be explained with the predictor variables, postnatal couple satisfaction has been found as the unique predictor of postnatal childcare task division. Moreover, expectation violations are seen to be predicted by family income and couple satisfaction. As a result, the unique importance of couple satisfaction for paternal involvement with childcare has been revealed, with implications for psychological counseling interventions being discussed. Counselors are recommended to guide parents to share their expectations about child-related responsibilities, and handle marital relationship and coparenting together during counseling process.
Increasing assertiveness in junior high students with a special training program
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Atlas, Aynur.; Çulha, Meral Ü.
This study investigated the effects of it group assertiveness training program on unassertive pre-adolescent students (approximately 15-16 years old), of mixed gender. The subjects were drawn from Orta 3 Robert College students who were volunteers joining the study during the first semester of 1983-84 school year. Twelve students for the experimental group and twelve students for the control group were randomly selected among unassertive s tudents. Each group included six boys and girls. Assertiveness of the students was measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). It was used both in pre-test and in post-test. Pretest-Posttest control group design was used in the study. The study was conceived within a theoretical framework which emphasized correspondence between the individual and the environment. The program was developed according to the needs of the group members.Training was given to only the experimental group during guidance hours once a week for seven weeks, and each session lasted 45 minutes. The counseling service was used for the meetings. The majority (67.2 per cent) of the Robert College Orta 3 students appeared to be asserdive. According to the findings the AT group showed a significantly greater improvement than no-teatment control group on the RAS. In post treatment discussion the group members stated that they had found AT program useful, understood assertiveness better in improving their assertive behavior. Consequenltly, it can be said tha t such training was effective in increasing the assertiveness of pre-adolescent boys and girls as evaluated by self report and the test results.
Lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022) Özdemir, Sümeyye.; Aksoy Toska, Gizem.
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye. In this qualitative study which aimed to understand how having a child undergoing cancer treatment influences the parents, the participants talked about their experiences before the diagnosis, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies and changes in their perspective. Ten parents whose children were between the ages of 7 and 17 and were diagnosed with any type of cancer at least three months ago were interviewed. The data emerged from the interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings of the study were presented under the headings of being a parent of a child diagnosed with cancer, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies, and changes in perspective. The findings were examined in relation to the literature. Roles and practices of psychological counselors were highlighted. Limitations of the study were identified. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the professionals, policy makers, and researchers.
Lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Özdemir, Sümeyye.; Aksoy Toska, Gizem.
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye. In this qualitative study which aimed to understand how having a child undergoing cancer treatment influences the parents, the participants talked about their experiences before the diagnosis, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies and changes in their perspective. Ten parents whose children were between the ages of 7 and 17 and were diagnosed with any type of cancer at least three months ago were interviewed. The data emerged from the interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings of the study were presented under the headings of being a parent of a child diagnosed with cancer, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies, and changes in perspective. The findings were examined in relation to the literature. Roles and practices of psychological counselors were highlighted. Limitations of the study were identified. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the professionals, policy makers, and researchers.
Lived experiences of the children with asthma at school
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Çalışkan, Songül.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.
his qualitative study aims to investigate the lived experiences of children aged 12 to 15 with asthma at school. The study examines the lived experiences, needs, expectations, and coping strategies of children living with asthma from the perspectives of both the children and their mothers. Given that the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, it also includes the experiences of the children during this period. The study focuses on the health-related quality of life of the children, aiming to observe their unique experiences at school. To gather data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six children and their mothers. The data was analyzed using a thematic approach, resulting in the identification of nine main themes: 1) the meaning of asthma, 2) emotional influences of asthma, 3) limitations in daily life, 4) environmental triggers of asthma, 5) social relationships of children with asthma, 6) the influences of asthma on academic life, 7) coping with asthma as a chronic disease, 8) expectations from the school, and 9) the influence of the pandemic era on children with asthma. The findings highlight that school is a microsystem where children with asthma reside, and their needs in the school environment, where they spend most of their time, can be addressed through appropriate intervention plans. School counseling services play a significant role in providing developmental, preventive, and supportive services for these children. School counselors can also contribute to raising awareness about asthma and serve as a valuable resource. Additionally, it is recommended to conduct more comprehensive studies aimed at empowering children and their mothers, as well as establishing asthma-sensitive school systems.
Masculinity concepts in relation to attitudes towards physical violence against women : a counseling perspective
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Çinar, Mehmet.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.
In patriarchal societies, heterosexual men are considered superior to women and nonbinary individuals who are suppressed or marginalized. This heteronormativity structure pressures men to struggle toward establishing and maintaining dominance and puts manhood into a precarious position, needing continuous protection against perceived threats. If men perceive that their masculinity is threatened, they may resort to violence to reestablish their status. This thesis focused on how masculinity concepts related to attitudes towards violence against women as perceived by males as well as females. The concepts of masculinity included masculinity types, masculinity ideology and perceived threat to manhood. University students from three major metropolises, İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, volunteered to participate through responding to the instruments in the Google Form. Among 405 students, 283 identified themselves as female and 122 as male. Descriptive and relational analyses revealed that both males and females with hegemonic masculinity type had more affirmative attitudes towards physical violence than to those with nonhegemonic masculinity type. Sex differences existed in masculinity ideology, perceived threat to masculinity, and attitudes towards physical violence. Except for Femininity Avoidance, males adopted a more traditional position in Head of Family, Emotional Restriction, and Dominance dimensions of masculinity ideology than females. Males perceived more threat in dimensions of Breadwinner and Protector Roles and had more favorable attitudes towards physical violence. Biological sex, masculinity ideology and perceived threat to manhood predicted violence. From a counseling perspective, preventing gender discrimination and flexing strict gender roles seem to be the first steps to achieve nonviolence. NOTE Keywords: Masculinity type, masculinity ideology, threat to manhood, physical violence against women, counseling perspective.
Maternal ambivalence : interviewing mothers
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Tuna, Ayça.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.
The present study was conducted to give voice to maternal ambivalence experiences of mothers. It aimed to uncover how mothers experience, express, and manage their maternal ambivalence. Also, it addressed the factors in mothers’ lives that make their maternal ambivalence experiences more or less difficult. Participants were 10 first time mothers with a preschool aged child who was enrolled in a private preschool at the time. Within the framework of qualitative design, semi- structured interviews were conducted with each mother. Thematic analysis revealed that mothers had both positive and negative feelings towards their children and motherhood roles. Negative feelings were because of the child’s undesired behaviors, rapid mood swings, their own exhaustion, and times of crisis. These negative feelings included regret towards their motherhood role that put restrictions on their freedom and led to difficulties. After expressing their negative feelings, however, mothers felt regret, shame, and guilt. Mothers shared their maternal ambivalence experiences with nonjudgmental people including friends, colleagues, and family members, and utilized several strategies in order to manage their maternal ambivalence experiences. Immediate and extended family members as well as others in the social circle put pressure on mothers to fit into conventional motherhood roles despite the fact that they provided limited support. Findings indicated mothers’ need to share their ambivalent feelings and the importance of social support mechanisms.
Maternal representations during pregnancy :|a study of the five minute speech sample among primiparous women
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Hacıoğlu, Melike.; Yeniad, Nihal.
The present study examined primiparous women’s mental representations about their unborn baby in relation to their age, prenatal distress, depression, and family income. The sample included 108 expectant mothers, who were in the last trimester of their pregnancy and aged between 21 and 42 years (M = 29.8). The data was collected through home visits. Maternal representations were measured through the Five Minute Speech Sample (Gottschalk & Glesser, 1969) procedure and the samples were coded using the Narrative Coherence scale (Sher-Censor & Yates, 2010). Prenatal distress (Yali & Lobel, 1999) and depression were assessed through the Prenatal Distress Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale (Radloff, 1977) respectively. The correlations showed that there was variability in relationship among some scores such as focus, elaboration, acceptance, complexity, and coherence. The results of logistic regression analyses revealed that while mothers with higher levels of income used more elaborated narratives about their unborn babies and future mother-infant relationship, they were more concerned about the potential challenges of parenting compared to those with lower levels of income. Moreover, they were more likely to be distracted and lose their focus instead of keeping the baby and relationship as the focal subject of the speech. The practical and methodological implications are discussed from a scientist-practitioner perspective.

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