Fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose

Abstract

Compressive strength and inherent osteogenic capacity of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) remain relatively limited. In this thesis, first, powder and liquid phase of CPCs were optimized. After this, nanodiamond (ND) and Fullerenol (Ful) were incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin (CMC/Gel) CPCs to enhance their ability to promote compressive strength and bone formation, respectively. It was found that ND did not contribute to the compressive strength of CPCs in unfunctionalized form; however, it was efficient to reduce the setting time of cements. Besides ND, the biocompatible Ful particles were introduced into CPCs at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1 wt/v%. The addition of Ful at the highest concentration to CMC/Gel cements leaded to a decrease in setting times, attributed to enhanced hydrogen bonding facilitated by the hydroxyl groups of Ful. In vitro studies focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging demonstrated the antioxidant activity when Ful was incorporated into CMC/Gel cements and the scavenging capacity of the cement was highest for 0.02 and 0.04 wt/v% Ful concentrations. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that cements with 0.02 and 0.04 wt/v% Ful protected cellular viability. Furthermore, treating MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells with low-dose Ful cements leaded to an increase in osteogenic differentiation. These findings strongly suggest a correlation between the osteogenic abilities of Ful-loaded cements and their antioxidant activity levels. Thus, this study highlights the promising potential of ND and Ful for enhancing the performance of CPCs in bone reconstruction procedures. NOTE Keywords : Calcium Phosphate Cement, Fullerenol, Antioxidant, Nanodiamond, Bone.