M.A. Theses
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Browsing M.A. Theses by Author "Altuğ, Seda."
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Item An analysis of inter-communal conflicts in cilicia during the independence war years 1918-1922(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2013., 2013.) Bağcı, Nazar.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis examines the historical and socio-economic reasons behind the emergence of ethnic conflicts in Cilicia during the Independence War years. The years between the end of 1918 and the beginning of 1922 not only witnessed the French occupation of Cilicia but also the rise of the Turkish nationalist movement aspiring to establish hegemony over the same lands. Cilicia, hosting a variety of communal groups of Turks, Kurds, Armenians, Greeks, Circassians, and Arabs, became the stage on which imperial and national power blocs competed to gain the allegiance of local groups, which they envisioned as vital for the consolidation of their institutional power. For this reason, the reasons for the various ethno-religious groups either giving consent to the French occupation or opposing it by joining the ranks of the Turkish nationalist movement are given careful consideration in order to understand their agencies in choosing their sides. The thesis, therefore, reviews critically the literature, which evaluates the ethnic violence of this period as a fight between the nationalisms of the various ethno-religious groups involved in the conflict, who either sought for the patronage of the Great Powers or the Turkish/Ottoman state in achieving their ends. The thesis, on the other hand, portrays how violence was employed by all international, national, and local actors involved in the conflict, but more importantly, became a means through which the different classes of different ethno-religious groups of the region articulated their interests and negotiated their positions against the changing central authority. Finally, by displaying the shifting allegiances of various communal groups of the region, both to the French occupation and the Turkish nationalist movement, the thesis concludes that rather than the ideological motivations of religion or nationalism, classist and regional concerns were more on the agenda of the ethno-religious groups in choosing their sides in the violent conflicts of the period.Item An Ottoman Armenian orphanage :|the short history of Dârüleytâm-ı Osmânî in Adana (1909-1918)(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2020., 2020.) Akpınar, Uğur.; Altuğ, Seda.; Özbek, Nadir.This thesis examines the history of Dârüleytâm-ı Osmânî institution founded in Adana by Adana Governor Cemal Pasha of the period for Armenian girls and boys who were orphaned due to the Adana massacres of 1909. This orphanage, whose foundations were laid in 1909, was officially opened in 1911 for the education and care of 500 hundred orphaned Armenian children. Shortly after its opening, Muslim orphans were also placed in the orphanage and thus became a multireligious and multicultural institution. This thesis tries to show the views of local officials, Ottoman Armenians, and the Committee of Union and Progress towards the opening of the orphanage, by emphasizing the historical role of the Armenian orphans. While drawing a comprehensive picture of the process providing the establishment of the orphanage from 1909 to 1911, this thesis argues that this orphanage was founded for political reasons rather than humanitarian concerns. The study shows the partnerships, disputes, and conflicts between different groups through the discussions on the administration and control of the orphanage from 1912 to 1914. Furthermore, the thesis shows the impacts of the changing ideological, social, and economic policies of the government on the orphanage by focusing on the period between 1914 and 1918. The primary sources used in this thesis are Ottoman archival documents, missionary and consul reports, memoirs, newspapers, province budgets, and regulations.Item Between colonial and national dominations: Antioch under French mandate (1920-1939)(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Science, 2002., 2002.) Altuğ, Seda.; Eldem, Edhem,This study examines the gradual and uneven transformation that Antioch, as one of the three towns of the Sanjak of Alexandretta, underwent under the French mandate. The following thesis will argue against the perspective, which usually identifies the region with inherent ethnic hostility and sectarianism. Rather, it will state that the ethno- religious segregation in the city in social, political and spatial terms corresponds to the intensification of the nationalist ideology. In this sense, it will direct its attention to the early years of the mandate in presenting continuity with the late Ottoman times and during when Turkish and Arab nationalisms were not considerably popularized yet. The class structure and the patronage relations will be displayed as significant indicators reifying the continuity under the French mandate. This thesis will also pay attention to the emerging critiques against the status-quo by a marginal group among the frustrated sections of the society and try to elaborate their discourses and claims on the future of the Sanjak. The main argument of the thesis will be that the Turkish party involved in this anti-traditionalist movement was gradually centralized and standardized by Turkey and transformed into a statist, ethnic-nationalist movement primarily struggling for the annexation of the Sanjak by Turkey. A critical reading of French and Turkish sources together with the oral interviews displayed some significant insights on the nature of the conflict of the period under scrutiny. Accordingly, this research will emphasize the contest for domination in the public sphere between the rivalling political factions in the city in order to create consent with an emphasis on their employment of traditional networks for a modern discourse.Item Finance and the bourgeoisie: the establishment of private sector banking in Turkey (1946-1958)(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2014., 2014.) Öztogay, Dünya Ahtem.; Altuğ, Seda.This study, a major premise of which is that finance cannot be considered separately from socio-political power relations, examines the rise of private sector banking in relation to the transformation of the bourgeoisie in Turkey after the Second World War. By looking at the financial sector in the 1950s in a historical and social context, this work tries to assign hitherto neglected finance its place. Stipulating that in latecapitalized countries finance capital organizations usually emerge as conglomerates, the study attempts to contextualize the developments in the finance sector and the rise of the bourgeoisie in the post-war period to understand the emergence of finance capital and conglomerates in Turkey.Item Migration, identity and politics :|the case of Bulgaristanlı Turks(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2021., 2021.) Arslan, Sinem.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis examines the associational life of Turkish immigrants from Bulgaria in Turkey. Firstly, this thesis argues how the communal identity of “Bulgaristanlı Turks” which is shaping by assimilation policies of the Bulgarian Communist Party, immigration, and citizenship policies of Turkey, is reproducing by associations’ executives considering the tensions between their idealized pure Turkish identity discourses and double loyalties toward Bulgaria and Turkey. Secondly, the aim of the thesis sheds light on how associations’ executives who are the elites of the community engage in political mobilization activities using the discourse of protecting the ethno-cultural communal identity of Turks of Bulgaria in both Turkey and Bulgaria in the corporate identity of associations. Sources of the thesis consist of empirical research based on semi-structured interviews with executives of associations and participant observations during nine months of fieldwork, print and online publications of associations, documents of The Grand National Assembly of Turkey.Item Politics and space in Antakya (2011-2019)(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2022., 2022) Burgaç Taş, Selin.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis attempts to analyse the youth politics in the Armutlu neighbor hood, a predominantly Arab Alawi place in Hatay, between 2012 and 2015. Two pillars of the youth movement were the Syrian War (2011) and the Gezi Protests (2012). September 12, 2012, a pro-Assad demonstration was a break ing point for the Armutlu people and it immediately merged with the Antakya- Gezi movement. The Armutlu youth is the main actor in this anti-gov ernment protest. The political mobilization of the youth has generated a huge revision in their own Arab-Alawi identities as well asthe identity of the neigh borhood. Besides, it brought about the reconfiguration of the urban space in the neighbourhood. This thesis aims to bring the questions of identity, space and politics in an Alawi working- class neighborhood between 2012 and 2015. NOTE Keywords : Youth, Space and Place, Social Movements, Political Geography, Sect, Memory.Item Syrian women in Antep :|labor, forced migration and violence(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2019., 2019.) Uçar, Canan.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis analyzes the intersectionality of labor, forced migration, gender, racism and violence, and how these intersections have an impact on the labor processes of the Syrian women living in suburban neighborhoods of Antep. It examines the everyday life intersectionality of the economic, social, political, cultural and class dynamic processes and structures in which the Syrian women are embedded, and how those processes are articulated with each other, by focusing on the daily labor processes of Syrian women involving in the informal home-based piecework labor market of Antep. With articulation of women into the labor market- in addition to domestic works like childcare, elderly care, domestic labor and so on which the current gender regime imposes on women- the burden of women has increased. In cases where husbands or males in the household work intensely, the women take the responsibility of outside work such as grocery shopping, medical visits, paying bills and so on which makes them invisible in urban life- unable to enter a certain kinds of public spheres- and visible in some certain spheres like the hospital. This research also reveals that racism, social oppression and violence against women in the name of honor has increased. As all these processes push the women into the home, this thesis aims at making visible the women subjectivities and agencies against the approaches and methods in a struggle for defining the Syrian women as “victim” and “suffering”. Being inside emerges as one of the tactics of Syrian lower-class women who are formally recognized under temporary protection status but live the refugee experience, to protect themselves and survive.Item Technoparks as instruments of neoliberal governance :|the case of İTÜ ARIKENT(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2019., 2019.) Eper, Ziya Batuhan.; Altuğ, Seda.Processes of neoliberalization in Turkey witness the gradual transformation of the character of university-industry partnerships. The enactment of Technology Development Zones Law in 2001 brought those relations in a whole new level where previously dispersed, irregular, informal practices of commercialization of knowledge and research were collected under a somewhat regulatory framework materialized in the form of technoparks. therefore, university campuses all around the country started to be occupied by various companies of commercial or academic origins. Moreover, various institutions of the state also found a new field of involvement with higher education. These new conditions not only intensified already complex relations between state institutions, academicians and companies but also further blurred the lines between positions of these actors. Within this novel context of neoliberal governance which is still in the making, this study scrutinizes the contradictions of this system through a case study on İTÜ ARIKENT that was conducted in 2010-2011. Contrary to the larger trend in the related literature which takes these spaces for granted as practical measurable solutions for catching up with the late train of modernity, this study took a critical stance. It employs the historical analysis of neoliberalism in Turkey coupled with the assemblage of various theoretical approaches to explain the positions and interactions of the actors involved. In that regard, ARIKENT was chosen to demonstrate the part of nu-merous historical and spatial dynamics from different scales coupled with the discussion of the circumstances of her various stakeholders that are entangled into each other in competitive and collaborative modalities.Item Tevhid ve Sünnet Cemaati as an Islamic social movement(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2021., 2021.) Özkul, Mehmet Özgün.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis examines the formation of Salaϐi identity in Tevhid ve Sünnet Cemaati, an Islamic group that was founded by Halis Bayancuk aka Ebu Hanzala in 2007 Turkey, by focusing on the role of culture in mobilizing and motivating individuals. This study analyzes Tevhid ve Sünnet Cemaati within the framework of social movements theory. The research emphasizes three focal points that are practices, text and materiality. To reveal how collective identity shapes individuals and is shaped by them through these three focal areas, a field research was conducted in Bağcılar where the group’s main setting is located. Participant observa tion and informal interviewing were used to highlight how particular re ligious doctrines are interpreted by the group adherents and put into practice in their daily lives. In this regard, the doctrine of al-wala’ wa-l bara is a significant concept since it separates the outside world as us and them. The doctrine, concerning the perception of reality, encourages be lievers to show loyalty to Muslims only and disavowal to non-Muslims. This thesis also argues that the group adopts various tactics and strate gies in changing circumstances, and targets existing moral/cultural val ues, political regimes by producing frames and counter-frames depend ing on its Salafi identity.Item The making of cultural field in Turkey and Syria in the 2010s(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2023., 2023) Zengin, Ersin.; Altuğ, Seda.This thesis exam ines the field of cultural production in Turkey and Syria in the 2010s. Employing Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the field of cultural production, this research delves into the primary actors, institutions, and factors that influence cultural production in Tu rkey and Syria , as well as the challenges and transformations faced by the field. Analyzing how so- cial crises influence the emergence and autonomy of the cultural produc- tion field in politically unstable settings, this study aims to consider how the field theory can be adapted and contextualized to address the re- gion's distinctive features and challenges adequately. This study also se- eks to comprehend the interplay between the cultural production field and the field of power by scrutinizing actors' habitus, along with their respective positions, roles, and strategies. Lastly, this thesis considers how the notion that the cultural production field inherently evolves towards autonomy might be affected by specific social and cultural con- ditions. This thesis is based on semi structured interviews conducted with actors engaged in cultural production field.