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Item More than mere polemic: The adventure of the Risālah-i Ḥusniyah in the Safavid, Ottoman and Indian lands(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2016., 2016.) Ünal, Yusuf.; Terzioğlu, Derin.This thesis explores the historical adventure of a Shī‘ī polemical work, Risālah-i Ḥusniyah, which appeared in Persian in Safavid Iran probably in the sixteenth century when the conversion of Iranian populace from Sunnīsm to Shī‘ī Islam was in full swing. It seeks to analyze how this anti-Sunnī polemical work played a role in popularizing Shī‘ī theological principles and consolidating a distinctive Shī‘ī identity among its audience in Iran and beyond. Next, it studies the translations and circulation of the Risālah into Ottoman Turkish and Urdu in the late Ottoman Empire and India. In connection with this, the censorship policies of the political authority of the time and religious rebuttals written by the Sunnī Ottoman scholars against the Risālah are of particular interest for this study. Last but not least, by making brief inroads into the adventure of Ḥusniyah in modern Turkey, this study demonstrates that the Risālah is one of the significant components of the Alevi literary corpus and popular religion after all the censorship policies and religious resistance against it in the late Ottoman Empire and early republic. One of the important contributions of this study is that it demonstrates that confessional polemical texts might have very colorful biographies, the exploration of which would provide important vistas and insights into the time in which they ‘live’, therefore their journey, reception, circulation, and translation warrant detailed historical investigation.Item The transformation of religious leadership in Alevi communities: A critical analysis of the Dede narratives(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2017., 2017.) Karabulut, Derya.; Öztürkmen, Arzu,The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the narratives of Alevi dedes, religious leaders of the Alevi communities, who migrated from different parts of Anatolia to Istanbul. Through narratives of dedes on memory and identity of Alevi communities, this study aims to examine the transformation of religious leadership in the urban context. Mainly because of economic reasons, many people from Anatolia have migrated from their villages to urban areas since the 1950s. Alevis, who had mostly settled in rural areas, were also affected from this migration wave. As religious leaders of Alevism, dedes have had a central role in the religious structure of the Alevi society. However, migration and modernization initiated some changes on the position of the dede institution and the urban practices of Alevism starting with the 1950s. Accordingly, this study also tries to scrutinize the effects of the migration on Alevi communities and religious leadership, within the critical and complex political environment of Turkey during these years. The collected narratives from dedes who experienced this process, were used to reveal these effects from their own subjectivity, identity and memory.