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Browsing Bilişsel Bilim by Subject "Events (Philosophy)"
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Item A computational model and psychological investigation of event segmentation and learning(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2021., 2021.) Başgöl, Hamit.; Uğur, Emre.; Ayhan, İnci.Event is a fuzzy term that refers to bounded spatio-temporal units, which guide behavior to allow adaptation to complex environments. The study of event segmentation investigates mechanisms behind detecting these spatial-temporal units. Event segmentation theory states that people predict ongoing activities and monitor their prediction errors for segmentation. In this study, the mechanism underlying the event segmentation ability was enlightened with computational models and psychological experiments. Firstly, inspired by event segmentation theory and predictive processing, a computational model of event segmentation and learning was introduced. The performance of the model was compared with humans in point-light displays-based psychological experiments to verify that it can segment ongoing activity into meaningful units, learn them via passive observation, and represent them in its internal representational space. Results indicated that the computational model reached a comparable performance to humans in event segmentation and event representation experiments. Secondly, focusing on the role of prediction errors in event segmentation, several psychological experiments were conducted with the aim of revealing the effect of sensory information (bottom-up processes) and expectation (top-down influence) on perceived event boundaries. Results of psychological experiments were discussed in light of possible implications and future directions.Item A psychophysical investigation and a philosophical discussion on perception(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2017., 2017.) Gülhan, Doğa.; İnci, Ayhan.; Thorpe, Lucas.Time seems to be a central mediator of many phenomenal experiences. The current thesis was an attempt to integrate a body of empirical work into philosophical discussions. Firstly, visual mechanisms of time perception were investigated, focusing on the dichotomy of time and motion using psychophysical methods. Specifically, short-term adaptation-based apparent duration compression was examined experimentally: after introducing a brief visual stimulus, perceived duration of the upcoming stimulus at the same side was compressed in comparison to the following stimulus presented at the opposite side. The main results indicated that a dynamic short-term adaptor induces a significant subjective duration compression (~10%) on a subsequently presented test stimulus only for global motion at 50% coherence but not for those at 0%. These results pointed out that the effect may be tuned to sensory motion signals processed by the higher-level global motion areas such as middle temporal complex. Controls provided evidence that this subjective time compression was dissociated from adaptation-induced changes in perceived speed. The duration compression was present even under interocular conditions: this interocular-transfer seems to further supported the idea that high-level motion processing areas might be involved in processing event-time, following an earlier locus at the lateral geniculate nucleus (e.g. Johnston et al, 2006; Ayhan et al, 2011). Secondly, ontological and epistemological issues regarding (perceptual) time was discussed. This part sought to outline some philosophical debates in the context of empirical findings where possible. Without being a radical advocate of a particular philosophical view, a speculative area of discourse was illustrated.