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Item Maternal ambivalence : interviewing mothers(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Tuna, Ayça.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.The present study was conducted to give voice to maternal ambivalence experiences of mothers. It aimed to uncover how mothers experience, express, and manage their maternal ambivalence. Also, it addressed the factors in mothers’ lives that make their maternal ambivalence experiences more or less difficult. Participants were 10 first time mothers with a preschool aged child who was enrolled in a private preschool at the time. Within the framework of qualitative design, semi- structured interviews were conducted with each mother. Thematic analysis revealed that mothers had both positive and negative feelings towards their children and motherhood roles. Negative feelings were because of the child’s undesired behaviors, rapid mood swings, their own exhaustion, and times of crisis. These negative feelings included regret towards their motherhood role that put restrictions on their freedom and led to difficulties. After expressing their negative feelings, however, mothers felt regret, shame, and guilt. Mothers shared their maternal ambivalence experiences with nonjudgmental people including friends, colleagues, and family members, and utilized several strategies in order to manage their maternal ambivalence experiences. Immediate and extended family members as well as others in the social circle put pressure on mothers to fit into conventional motherhood roles despite the fact that they provided limited support. Findings indicated mothers’ need to share their ambivalent feelings and the importance of social support mechanisms.Item The impact of a dialogic-reading program on children’s cognitive outcomes : preliminary findings of a pilot study(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Asılkefeli, Elifnur.; Yeniad, Nihal.This study aimed to measure the impact of a dialogic-reading intervention program on children’s cognitive outcomes and mothers’ dialogic reading abilities. The study revealed the preliminary findings of a cluster randomized pilot study. The sample of the present study consisted of 92 mothers and their 24-31- months-old children within the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group received an adapted version of a 7-week dialogic reading program in groups of four mother-child dyads while the control group received no treatment. Pretest and posttest assessments were completed for children’s receptive language skills through children’s performance on a receptive language test, children’s expressive language skills through mother-report inventory, selective attention skills via computerized task and focused attention skills and mothers’ book-reading behaviors through observation during shared book reading of mothers with their children. The findings showed no intervention effect on child or mother outcomes, contrary to previous studies (e.g., Cooper et al., 2014). Possible explanations of these preliminary results and recommendations for future studies were discussed.Item Counseling needs of gifted children : the perspectives of psychological counselors(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Güneş, Burcu.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.The purpose of the present study was to examine the perspectives of psychological counselors regarding gifted children in public primary schools in İstanbul. Within this purpose, children and professional needs were investigated. In this qualitative study, eight interviews were conducted using a semi-structured form with one male and seven female psychological counselors aged between 29 and 37 years old. Two of them had former work experience in the Science and Art Center (BİLSEM), the public institution for gifted education. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that psychological counselors conceptualize giftedness in various ways, namely social skills, diversity, getting easily bored, creative thinking, special ability in a particular field, curiosity, awareness, learning style, interest area, and emotional skills. Additionally, they indicated loneliness, acceptance and recognition, anxiety, frustration, pressure for success, perfectionism, time management, and career-related issues as counseling needs of gifted children. According to psychological counselors, gifted children were often subjected to at least one of the labeling types; namely glorification, exclusion, favor, alienation, or hiding the gift. Psychological counselors indicated their professional needs as professional competence and systemic barriers. Finally, individual counseling, group guidance, individual guidance, and group counseling were the most utilized approaches when working with gifted children. The practical implications for psychological counselors, teachers, parents, and policy makers were also discussed.Item Lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Özdemir, Sümeyye.; Aksoy Toska, Gizem.The purpose of the current study is to investigate the lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye. In this qualitative study which aimed to understand how having a child undergoing cancer treatment influences the parents, the participants talked about their experiences before the diagnosis, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies and changes in their perspective. Ten parents whose children were between the ages of 7 and 17 and were diagnosed with any type of cancer at least three months ago were interviewed. The data emerged from the interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings of the study were presented under the headings of being a parent of a child diagnosed with cancer, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies, and changes in perspective. The findings were examined in relation to the literature. Roles and practices of psychological counselors were highlighted. Limitations of the study were identified. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the professionals, policy makers, and researchers.Item Masculinity concepts in relation to attitudes towards physical violence against women : a counseling perspective(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Çinar, Mehmet.; Albayrak-Kaymak, Deniz.In patriarchal societies, heterosexual men are considered superior to women and nonbinary individuals who are suppressed or marginalized. This heteronormativity structure pressures men to struggle toward establishing and maintaining dominance and puts manhood into a precarious position, needing continuous protection against perceived threats. If men perceive that their masculinity is threatened, they may resort to violence to reestablish their status. This thesis focused on how masculinity concepts related to attitudes towards violence against women as perceived by males as well as females. The concepts of masculinity included masculinity types, masculinity ideology and perceived threat to manhood. University students from three major metropolises, İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, volunteered to participate through responding to the instruments in the Google Form. Among 405 students, 283 identified themselves as female and 122 as male. Descriptive and relational analyses revealed that both males and females with hegemonic masculinity type had more affirmative attitudes towards physical violence than to those with nonhegemonic masculinity type. Sex differences existed in masculinity ideology, perceived threat to masculinity, and attitudes towards physical violence. Except for Femininity Avoidance, males adopted a more traditional position in Head of Family, Emotional Restriction, and Dominance dimensions of masculinity ideology than females. Males perceived more threat in dimensions of Breadwinner and Protector Roles and had more favorable attitudes towards physical violence. Biological sex, masculinity ideology and perceived threat to manhood predicted violence. From a counseling perspective, preventing gender discrimination and flexing strict gender roles seem to be the first steps to achieve nonviolence. NOTE Keywords: Masculinity type, masculinity ideology, threat to manhood, physical violence against women, counseling perspective.Item Responsive parenting and children's social-emotional skills in early years : preliminary findings from a low-income sample(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Altun, Tuğba.; Yeniad, Nihal.Children need emotional support and cognitive stimulation by caregivers to grow, learn and adjust to social life. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relations among maternal depression, responsive parenting behaviors and children’s social-emotional outcomes (i.e., social competence, regulatory problems, externalizing behaviors) during toddlerhood. Poverty poses the greatest risk to the development of young children and challenges parenting in many ways. A sample of 88 low-income mothers with toddlers between 24-31 months of age were recruited through Family Counseling Centers of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Mothers filled out a demographic form, the Brief Infant-Toddler Social- Emotional Assessment (Briggs-Gowan & Carter, 2006), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). The mother-child interaction was also video recorded during a shared reading activity and maternal behaviors were coded by the scale of Observation of Mother-Child Interaction (OMCI) (Rasheed & Yousafzai, 2015). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that socio-economic status of (SES) families significantly predicted child dysregulation in contrast to responsive parenting behaviors. Besides, SES predicted both responsive parenting domains. Child dysregulation was positively associated with maternal depression, and negatively with emotional support of mothers. Parenting did not mediate the relation between maternal depression and child outcomes.Item Lived experiences of the children with asthma at school(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2023., 2023) Çalışkan, Songül.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.his qualitative study aims to investigate the lived experiences of children aged 12 to 15 with asthma at school. The study examines the lived experiences, needs, expectations, and coping strategies of children living with asthma from the perspectives of both the children and their mothers. Given that the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, it also includes the experiences of the children during this period. The study focuses on the health-related quality of life of the children, aiming to observe their unique experiences at school. To gather data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six children and their mothers. The data was analyzed using a thematic approach, resulting in the identification of nine main themes: 1) the meaning of asthma, 2) emotional influences of asthma, 3) limitations in daily life, 4) environmental triggers of asthma, 5) social relationships of children with asthma, 6) the influences of asthma on academic life, 7) coping with asthma as a chronic disease, 8) expectations from the school, and 9) the influence of the pandemic era on children with asthma. The findings highlight that school is a microsystem where children with asthma reside, and their needs in the school environment, where they spend most of their time, can be addressed through appropriate intervention plans. School counseling services play a significant role in providing developmental, preventive, and supportive services for these children. School counselors can also contribute to raising awareness about asthma and serve as a valuable resource. Additionally, it is recommended to conduct more comprehensive studies aimed at empowering children and their mothers, as well as establishing asthma-sensitive school systems.Item Lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2022., 2022) Özdemir, Sümeyye.; Aksoy Toska, Gizem.The purpose of the current study is to investigate the lived experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer in Türkiye. In this qualitative study which aimed to understand how having a child undergoing cancer treatment influences the parents, the participants talked about their experiences before the diagnosis, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies and changes in their perspective. Ten parents whose children were between the ages of 7 and 17 and were diagnosed with any type of cancer at least three months ago were interviewed. The data emerged from the interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings of the study were presented under the headings of being a parent of a child diagnosed with cancer, challenging experiences, sources of support, coping strategies, and changes in perspective. The findings were examined in relation to the literature. Roles and practices of psychological counselors were highlighted. Limitations of the study were identified. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the professionals, policy makers, and researchers.Item The effects of mastery learning and improved teaching on mathematics achievement for seventh grade Turkish students at a private secondary school(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Nwabueze, Boniface.; Yıldıran-Stodolsky, Güzver.The aim of this study is not only to test the effectiveness of Mastery Learning method of instruction on achievement levels but principally to check if improved Teaching could have an additive effect when used with Mastery Learning in raising achievement levels. The study was carried out in Robert College including for classes of Orta II mathematics. The hypotheses for this Study include: Hypothesis I: The achievment level of the class under Mastery Learning method of instruction will be significantly higher than the control class. Hypothesis II: The achievement level of the class under Improved Teaching will be significantly higher than the control class. Hypothesis III: Improved Teaching will have an additive effect to Mastery Learning method of instruction. The class under Mastery Learning method of instruction combined with Improved Teaching will not only score higher than the control class but will also have the highest mean scores when compared with Mastery Learning or Improved Teaching Class. These three hypotheses of the study were statistically tested using t-test analyses, Kendall's tau correlational analyses and analysis of variance. The results of these analyses show that: 1- The achievement level of the Mastery class 1S significantly higher than the control class at the .001 level of significance. 2- The achievement leTJel of the Improved Teaching class is significantly higher than the control class at the .001 level of significance. 3- The class under the combined Mastery anj Improved Teaching methods scored significantly higher than the control class at the .001 level of significance. The class under Mastery Learning combined with Improved Teaching scored significantly higher than the Mastery class at the .005 level and higher than the Improved Teaching at the .025 level of significance. In this study, Mastery Learning alone accounted for 15 % of the variance in achievement, Improv2d Teaching accounted for 17.6 % of the variation in achievement and the combined Mastery with Improved Teaching accounted for 33% of the variation in achievement among learners. The effects of Mastery Learning and Improved Teaching are additive according to the results of this study.Item Turkish adolescents' level of psychological adjustment in relation to adolescents' perception of parental psychological maltreatment and physical punishment(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Eryiğit, Suna.; Erkman, Fatoş.This study investigated the inter-relationship between adolescents' psychological adjustment, perception of parental psychological maltreatment, and perceived physical punishment from parents in terms of justness and harshness. The sample was selected from ninth grade students in four high schools in İstanbul. The five variables in this study are adolescents' level of psychological adjustment, perception of maternal psychological maltreatment, perception of paternal psychological maltreatment, perception of physical punishment in terms of justness and harshness. The specific questions investigated were the impact of perceived maternal and paternal psychological maltreatment and physical punishment in terms of justness and harshness on perceived psychological adjustment. Also, the possible variance of perception of parental psychological maltreatment according to perceived harshness and justness were explored. Four instruments were used for data collection, specifically Demographic Information Form (DIF), Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ)-Turkish Form, Perception of Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (POPMIFA), and Physical Punishment Questionnaire (PPQ)-Turkish Form. Data was analyzed through structural equation modeling, in AMOS software statistics program. The results showed that perceived parental psychological maltreatment has a significant impact on perceived psychological adjustment (β=.40, p<.01), whereas harshness and unjustness do not have direct impact on perceived psychological adjustment but the impact is mediated by perceived psychological maltreatment (β=.34, p<.000; β=.23, p<.000, respectively). The impact of perceived harshness of physical punishment on perceived psychological adjustment varies according to adolescents' perception of parental maltreatment.Item Increasing assertiveness in junior high students with a special training program(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Atlas, Aynur.; Çulha, Meral Ü.This study investigated the effects of it group assertiveness training program on unassertive pre-adolescent students (approximately 15-16 years old), of mixed gender. The subjects were drawn from Orta 3 Robert College students who were volunteers joining the study during the first semester of 1983-84 school year. Twelve students for the experimental group and twelve students for the control group were randomly selected among unassertive s tudents. Each group included six boys and girls. Assertiveness of the students was measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). It was used both in pre-test and in post-test. Pretest-Posttest control group design was used in the study. The study was conceived within a theoretical framework which emphasized correspondence between the individual and the environment. The program was developed according to the needs of the group members.Training was given to only the experimental group during guidance hours once a week for seven weeks, and each session lasted 45 minutes. The counseling service was used for the meetings. The majority (67.2 per cent) of the Robert College Orta 3 students appeared to be asserdive. According to the findings the AT group showed a significantly greater improvement than no-teatment control group on the RAS. In post treatment discussion the group members stated that they had found AT program useful, understood assertiveness better in improving their assertive behavior. Consequenltly, it can be said tha t such training was effective in increasing the assertiveness of pre-adolescent boys and girls as evaluated by self report and the test results.Item A career decision-making program for lycée students(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) İncesulu, Ayşim.; Öner, Necla.A career decision-making program! based on Jackson-Egner's (1978) career decision making model, was adapted to provide a counseling intervention in facilitating students' career maturity development. The Career Maturity Inventory originated by Crites (1978) was also translated and adapted to be used as a supplementary source in facilitating the program. The program was administered to 46 ninth grade students in a ,private lycee. There were 24 male, 22 female students all around the age of fifteen years old. Students ' informal evaluations were derived through a questionnaire and oral reports. Feedback obtained from the questionnaire and oral reports indicated that the students generally found the Career Decision Making Program quite beneficial. They indicated that they were interested in and made use of the occupational information given. Exploring their interest areas as well as alternative solutions offered in case of a problem like failing at university enterance exams were found very useful and encouraging. Impressionistic evidence accumulated in this project raised the question about the feasibility of Super's Developmental Self Concept Theory of Vocational Behavior for students in Turkey. Values, expactations and opportunities this theory assumes are different from those that exist in Turkey. Limitations based on such theoretical assumptions and practical applications in career choice in Turkey, and recommendations to develop a more applicable Career Decision Making Program for Turkish students than the one attempted here were discussed.Item The effects of mastery learning and traditional learning methods on achievement and retention of fifth grade Turkish primary school students in science(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Afreşa, Oya.; Yıldıran-Stodolsky, Güzver.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Mastery Learning strategy of Benjamin S. Bloom on achievement and retention of 5th grade Turkish primary school students in science in comparison to the traditional learning strategy which is used in a primary school in Turkey. The hypotheses for this study are: Hypothesis Hypothesis I: The achievement level of the class under the Mastery Learning method will be significantly higher than the class under the traditional method of instruction. II: The retention scores of the Mastery class will be significantly higher than the Control class. Hypothesis III: Retention is influenced by the level of learning. The three hypotheses of the study were tested. The comparison of the means of the Mastery and Control classes on their summative tests as well as their retention tests were done throught tests. The analyses were also done through the use of non-parametric statistics. Correlational analyses were done on the relationship of the variables of concern. In addition X2 was used to test the effects of level of learning on retention. The percentage of retention from original learning is also reported for students who reach the criterion level as well as those who dn not reach this level. The results of the analyses show that: 1- The achievement levels of the Mastery class is significantly higher than the Control class at the .001 level of significance. 11- The retention scores of the Mastery class are also significantly higher than the Control class at the .001 level of significance. 111- Retention is highly influenced by the level of learning at the .001 level of significance. The study galns an importance, Slnce this the first applied use of the Mastery Learning strategy in Turkey. The results indicate that this learning strategy might also help to raise the majority of Turkish students to reach higher levels of achievement and retention.Item Relationships among childhood experiences, emotion regulation, shame coping and psychological adjustment of college students(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2022., 2022.) Simsar, İrem.; Sart, Zeynep Hande.The purpose of this study was to investigate and explore the possible pathways of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences and psychological distress mediated by emotion regulation strategies and shame coping of college students who are in the emerging adulthood period. The sample of the study consisted of 393 college students. The data collection instruments were Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10-PDS), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Scale, Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, The Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS). Path analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore possible pathways among variables. Results indicated that both ACEs and BCEs were directly related with psychological distress of college students (for ACEs β = .139, p < .05; for BCEs β = -.104, p < .05). Also, both ACEs and BCEs were indirectly associated with psychological distress of college students via emotion regulation strategies namely reappraisal and suppression and maladaptive shame coping style (for ACEs β = .088, p < .001; for BCEs β = -.139, p < .001). Psychological counseling and preventive interventions for college students may focus on providing trainings on increasing adaptive emotion regulation and shame coping skills. Keywords: Emerging adulthood, college students, psychological distress, childhood experiences, emotion regulation, shame coping.Item Understanding the relationship between socioeconomic status, language and educational achievment: |a critical analysis(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Evans, Lorna.; Öner, Necla.This study draws on literature from English speaking countries to explore the relationship between social class, lanouage and educational achievment. It refers specifically to societies where differences within the common language and between social classes seem to predispose certain children to educational failure. The study finds a concensus of opinion that membership of a particular social class influences the dialect, or variety of language, acquired by the young child. The different socialisin0 orocess experienced by children of different socioeconomic status are commonly held to be responsible for this ohenomenon. The research indicates that the child of low socioeconomic status performs less well in school than his higher socioeconomic status counterpart, due to the child usinq a dialect which does not correspond with the language used in school. This study explores the possibility that other factors may account for that poor educational performance of the low socio-economic status child. Recent research indiactes that this poor academic performance may be attributable to a multitudel,of factors. It may be that dialect llsed by the low soci oeconomic status ch ild does not refl ect the accepted values and thought pattern esteemed by the middle-class oriented academic environments. Likewise, it may not be any instrinsic quality in the child's dialect that disenables him, but rather either people's reactions to it, which may be negative, or the inconsequence between the values reflected by the child's language and his expression style. The low prestige accorded to nonstandard dialects is often extended to those who use such dialects and the low exoectatations of teachers for such children may become a selffulfilling prophecy. Society is becoming increasinqly aware of the problems of the low socioeconomic status child, and is instituting programmes both general and language specific, to help him. This study makes a critical analysis of some of the latter programmes. It finds that although the aims of programmes still vary from el iminatinq nonstandard dialects to fostering only nonstandard dialects, educators are learnina from nast exoeriences how best to develop programmes which will fully benefit the youna child. Its conclusion is one of hope, for with increased knowledqe and commitment, the educational future of the low socio-economic status child must surely improve.Item A project to test the interjudge reliability and construct validity of formative evaluation for preschool objectives(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Uzunkavak, Ozânâ.; Yıldıran-Stodolsky, Güzver.Item Parental rejection, best-friend rejection, and self-compassion as predictors of internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Ardil, Varol.; Akmehmet Şekerler, Sibel.The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal, paternal, best-friend rejection and self-compassion predict internet addiction among university students considering two different life conditions: before Covid-19 and during COVID-19. The sample of the study consisted of 364 university students; 270 females and 94 males, with mean ages of 21.52 and 21.81, respectively. Demographic Information Form, Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire Mother and Father Short Forms, Best-Friend Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Short Form, and Self-Compassion Scale were utilized for data collection and multiple regression was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that maternal rejection (before COVID-19: ß = .35, p < .001; During COVID-19: ß = .38, p < .001) and self-compassion (before COVID-19: ß = -.28, p < .05; during COVID-19: ß = -.36, p < .001) were significant predictors of internet addiction in males, whereas only self-compassion (before COVID-19: ß = -.25, p < .001; During COVID -19: ß = -.30, p < .001) was a significant predictor of internet addiction in females. Therefore, gender should be considered when working with people who tend to develop internet addiction. It is also concluded that providing preventive strategies based on self-compassion and relationships with mothers may protect university students from internet addiction and its harmful consequences.Item The concept of coıınselor of tenth grade (Lycee 2) girls in a Turkish school compared with their concepts of teacher, mother and confidante(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1979., 2021.) Manyasiğ, Yeşim.; Ener, Judith.The role and the function of the counselor is difficult to define, because counseling is a new profession. Studies in the American literatüre show that only some of the children in schools with established guidance programs have developed an idea of what the counselor should be doing. In Turkey the guidance counseling movement is cotnparatively new, therefore it is quite probable that the ideas of counseling and the role of the counselor in the school are quite vague in the minds of many people. The present descriptive study tried to investigate the meaning of the concept of counselor of a small select group of Turkish female students who had been exposed to counseling, in compa rison to the meaning of the concepts of mother, teacher and confidante of the same students, It was felt that the individuals represented by the concepts of mother, teach er and c onfi dante were ali people whose func tions and roles might conveivably overlap at times with the concept of the counselor, making it difficult for students to distinguish them and causing students to assign certain cha racteristics in common to several or ali of them. Further it was felt that since some of the concepts were perhaps more familiar to the majority of the students than others, (e.g. concept of mother versus concept of counselor) that, sensing a relationship between concepts, they would perhaps assign some of the attributes of the more well-known concepts to the coposelor. Subjects for the study were selected frora among students of Üsküdar American College for Girls, Lycee 2 class (lûth grade) who had been exposed to some counseling and who were at an age to be able to distinguish between counselor, mother, teacher and confidante. The students rated each of the above concepts, counselor, mother, teacher and confidante on a semantic differential scale of nine bipolar adjectives and the Wilcoxon test was applied to the data received. The results showed that the students did not statistically differentiate among the four concepts in terms of the bipolar adjective check list. This was interpreted to mean that there was no significant difference in the rating intensities of adjectives for the four concepts. However, there was a ten dency in student's responses to rate the mother and the con» f_i_dajvte more favorably than either the counselor or the teacher, who was given the least favorable ratings among ali four.Item The current status of guidance services in the Istanbul schools a survey(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1979., 2021.) Gökhan, Melsa.; Ener, Judith.The present study intended to explore the current status of guidance offices in the secondary schools in lsta n bu l area. For this purpose a questionnaire 1·1as constructed and a sample of 14 schools thought to have a guidance office were visited . In 12 of these schoo ls which had guidance offices, the guidance counselors , and in the remaining two, th e Persons responsible for similar activities, were inter viewed by the author. The questionna ire was organized into seven categories which were: 1. 'Character.istics of schools, 2. Characteristics of respondents , 3. Physical facilities and services of the guidance programs , 4 . Work schedule , 5. Student counseling , 6. I nteracti on with parents , 7. Interaction with teachers and admi ni strators . Very few of the schools had similar characteristi c s which ~ade general i zation and categorization of the f ind i ngs difficult. For example , the titles by which respondents ca ll ed themselve~ differed from school to school which seemed to create confusion i n the eyes of the stude nts , ;i a r e n ts , fa c u l t y a n d a ·d m i n i s t r a t o r s a n d e v e n t h e g u i d a n c e professional s themselves . In ten of the sample schools , t he persons basically respons i ble for the running of the guidance program and the delivery of guidance services were th e guidance personne l; na me ly, the guidance counselor, the educational specia lists or the assistant-specialists and the vice-princ i pal i n charge of guidanca activities . The persons who helped them carry out these activities were group counselors , class teachers and guidan ce teachers . · The survey results su gge st five interrelated fa ctors which may contribute to the acceptance and success of guidance in Rarticular schools: counselor duties in the school , counselor/student ratio , counselor/student rapport, the attitude of the school principal and the number of years guidance had been practiced in the school. These factors , however, were also obse rved not to have a significant effect by thems el ves but only when they were put togethe r meaningfu lly accordin g to the needs of the schools. Other fa ctors in secur ing effective guidance ser vices include d tha students ' and the faculty 's fam1li.:1rit:y to and acceptance of the notio n of guidance and the coun selor's training/background in psyc ho logy versus educ ation. One very i mporta nt finding of the survey was the rol e the principal 's attitude toward gu id ance played in the running of the guidance program properly and effecti ve ly. That i~ , re spondents reported that the guidance services were organized and carried out mu ch more effect ive ly when the principal was supportive of guidance , but were no t successfu l when he held a negative attitude toward quidance . It was reveal ed in the findings that positive rela tions with other members of the school system influence and increas e th e performance of the gu idance offi ce· perso nne l. In fact , recommendations of the respondents included me a s u res t o tr a i n a 11 o f the sch o o l p e rs on n e 1 i n th~ b a s i cs of ·guidance , emphasizing the necessity of teamwork (coopera tion). Another wish was the standardization of titles, responsibiliti es and functions , that is , ro,-e defi nitions of the guidance personnel in Turkish schools .Item First-time mothers’ prenatal expectations about coparenting and their postnatal experiences(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2020., 2020.) Ünverdi, Büşra.; Börkan, Bengü.; Yeniad, Nihal.The aim of this study is to investigate primiparous women’s perceptions of coparenting with a specific focus on childcare task division with their partners. Mothers’ prenatal expectations, postnatal experiences, and expectation violations regarding postnatal childcare task division have been explored using a longitudinal design. In the first stage, 113 pregnant women participated in the study, with 97 participating in the second stage (i.e., 4-months postpartum). Family income, couple satisfaction, social support, child characteristics (temperament and sex), and environmental support (grandparental task division and number of caregivers) are used as predictors of childcare task division expectations, experiences, and expectation violations. The results indicate mothers’ prenatal expectations about childcare task division with their husbands to have been towards egalitarian sharing, but most had their expectations violated as the mothers reported doing most of the childcare tasks in the postnatal period. While difference in the mothers’ expectations could not be explained with the predictor variables, postnatal couple satisfaction has been found as the unique predictor of postnatal childcare task division. Moreover, expectation violations are seen to be predicted by family income and couple satisfaction. As a result, the unique importance of couple satisfaction for paternal involvement with childcare has been revealed, with implications for psychological counseling interventions being discussed. Counselors are recommended to guide parents to share their expectations about child-related responsibilities, and handle marital relationship and coparenting together during counseling process.