Ph.D. Theses
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Browsing Ph.D. Theses by Author "Altuğ, Seda."
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Item Armenians and the land question in the Ottoman Empire, 1870-1914(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2017., 2017.) Polatel, Mehmet.; Altuğ, Seda.This dissertation examines the emergence and transformation of the land question in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, focusing on the extent and characteristics of land disputes concerning Armenians. Views on the land question, which emerged as a distinct social problem in the 1870s, varied among the central government, local authorities, the Armenian politi-cal elite, Armenian institutions, Kurdish powerholders, and the Kurdish polit-ical elite. Based on Armenian, British, and Ottoman sources, this study demonstrates that there were significant changes in the extent and character-istics of land disputes during and after the massacres of 1894-97. These novel-ties include the massification of the problem, participation of ordinary people in the seizures of Armenian properties, dispossession of Armenian large land-owners, and the development of a state policy directed at changing the demo-graphic characteristics of the population in the region.Item Taming demography actors, dynamics, and events in the transition in population policies of Turkey from pronatalism to antinatalism between 1950 and 1965(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2023., 2023) Furtuna, Serdar.; Altuğ, Seda.; Destremau, Blandine.This dissertation analyzes the transition of Third World countries' population policies from pronatalism to antinatalism in the 1950s and 1960s, with a special focus on the Turkish case. The emergence of the idea of population control as part of global hegemonic interest, its dissemination and adaptation by the national government, and its internalization by women and the family are explored through three spheres: global, national, and individual. The aim of this dissertation, therefore, is to explore the key motivations, articulations, and reinforcements of the global, national, and individual forces that intervene in antinatalist politics, and to highlight the contradictions, resistances, and negotiations in between. The claim of this dissertation, based on a detailed analysis of primary and secondary sources, is that population control was not a unilateral hegemonic project, but an implicit and fragile intersection of these three spheres, whose only interest was to improve their "quality" by maximizing their own capabilities and functionings. In this sense, this dissertation is the story of the ideology of population control that became an instrument for improving the quality of life in the 1950s and 1960s.Item The formation of constitutional rule: The politics of Ottomanism between de jure and de facto (1908-1913)(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History, 2017., 2017.) Zeren, Barış.; Altuğ, Seda.The dissertation examines the functioning of Ottoman constitutional rule born in 1908 which aimed at forming a new body politic, an Ottoman nation, on the sociopolitical structure inherited from the "old regime.” As this Otto-manism, which was officially and publicly referred as "the unity of elements" (ittihad-ı anasır), was closely related with the promise of parliamentarianism and the rule of constitutional norms, the dissertation focuses on the legislative and administrative practices starting in Spring 1909 until the outbreak of the Balkan Wars. To this end, the study follows the enactment and application phases of cer-tain critical laws in creating such a national unification — the martial law and the law on the conscription of non-Muslims to the Ottoman army — with specific emphasis on Macedonian-Bulgarian and Hellenist political networks. Tracing the development of tensions and strategies among official and civil political actors in Istanbul and Rumelia evolving around these laws, the dis-sertation demonstrates deviations in the interpretation of the Kanun-ı Esasi by various representatives of sociopolitical factions, the heterogeneity of atti-tudes of central and local political actors, and the effective role of local strug-gles in the development of constitutional sovereignty.