Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı
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Browsing Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı by Author "Altuğ, Fatih, 1977-"
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Item Bir edebi değişimi A Dergisi ile okumak(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Altuğ, Fatih, 1977-; Esen, Nüket,This study offers a critical analysis of a literary journal, A, of the 1950s in Turkey, in order to show how discussions with this journal reflect a transformation from social oriented literary understanding to an abstract one. The 1950s constituted an important phase in the Turkish modernization process. This period witnessed a number of politicaL economic, social, cultural and artistic changes with regard to modernization. Autonorninization and institutionalization were the bases of this change. Literature was one of the areas that underwent a remarkable change< In particular, poetry and short stories produced by the new generation of writers during this period effectively reflected the impact of social and cultural transtormation on individuals. InSisting on the importance of the subjectivity of the author in a \~ork of literature, the writers of this generation in general rejected social function and the role of literature. They did not possess a perception or a concept of a whole \vorld. These authors believed in a single reality, but put forward the idea that individuals could not understand this reality. During this period, there was a generation war between the representatives of social realists and the authors of this new generation. Generally speaking, social realist writers possessed a total perception of the world, favoring a concrete expression of reality. In sharp contrast, the authors of the new generation were subjective realists. In expressing reality, these authors deviated from the everyday usage of language. Both sides attempted to be more int1uential in the field of literature. However, they failed to be at the center of the literary establishment. The literary joumal Varhk being at the center, the aforementioned sides surrounded this literary establishment. For this reason, these rivals occasionally came together against the center. As the journal of the sUbjective realist generation, the literary journal A reflects not only the characteristics of this new generation but also of general aspect of the literary scene of the 1950s. For this reason, A has a significant role ill understanding the literary transformation that took place in the 1950s.Item Modernity and subjectivity in the literary critism of Namık Kemal(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Altuğ, Fatih, 1977-; Esen, Nüket,This dissertation examines the relation of the literary criticism of Namık Kemal to modern Ottoman subjectivity. There is a close relation between the literary criticism and the formulation of new Ottoman subjectivity. The late Ottoman production of subjectivity is the foundation of the critical subjectivity of Namık Kemal. This subjectivity is produced as a result of the traumatic encounter between occidental modernity and the 19th century Ottoman symbolic order. Critical attitudes are determined by the conditions of crisis. The literary criticism of Namık Kemal tries to recuperate Ottoman subjectivity which is injured by the alterity of occidental modernity. Within the critical conditions, Arabic, Persian and old Ottoman (divan) literatures in addition to the modern occidental literature are perceived as an alterity which is related to bringing order into the literary chaos. Exclusion, inclusion, abjection, idealization, universalization, nativization or nationalization are the main critical attitudes of Namık Kemal in order to cope with the crisis of literary and cultural alterities. This representational literary system produces the new Ottoman literary subjectivity by eliding the injuring alterity and occluding of the object of criticism in the interests of the modern Ottoman subject. Cultural and literary appropriations of the alterities show that the modern Ottoman literary subject is instituted through constraints, constituted through practices of subjection/subjectivization. The critical subjectivity of Namık Kemal, synchronously, produces an autonomous subject position and performs the essential subjection of the modern Ottoman literary criticism to the Arabic, Persian, old Ottoman and occidental literatures.