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A critical re-evaluation of Gideon Toury's target-oriented approach to "Translation" phenomena
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1998., 1998.) Özben, R. Tunç.; Kuran, Nedret Pınar.
Translating and interpreting are two separate but related forms of “Translation”. Various scholars of Interpreting Studies believe that translation theories are significant in understanding the phenomena of interpreting. On the other hand, it is widely held that recent translation research and theory operate in accordance with the major assumptions of the “Target-Oriented Approach,” an influential modern theory of translation developed by the Israeli scholar G. Toury in order to explain all phenomena related to translation. The approach, however, had not previously been systematically examined as a possible theoretical framework for interpreting studies as well. To investigate the relevance of the Target-Oriented Approach to interpreting studies, a “secondary analysis” of a selection of Interpreting Studies literature, consisting of 81 sources obtained through bibliographic research at the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori in Italy, has been carried out to compare and contrast the major assumptions of the Target-Oriented Approach with relevant assumptions developed in the domain of Interpreting Studies. The findings of this study indicate that the Target-Oriented Approach is a useful theoretical framework for the domain of Interpreting Studies, even though it is not a theory general enough to explain all phenomena related to translation, but a more specific theory, particularly, related to “cultural studies” in translation phenomena.
The approach of the Turkish ministry of national education to translation in the teaching of literature
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1999., 1999.) Ayan, Müge.; Kaplan, ismail.
Since translation is a mode of transfer with the help of which the works produced by other cultures are imported into one's home system, translated literature in a sense shapes the literary paradigm; this is why it has an undeniable importance in the literary system, and therefore in the education of literature. Taking this as the starting point of my study I aim to reveal the approach of the Turkish Ministry of National Education to 'translation', and thus to determine how translation is reflected in the practice of literature teaching. With this purpose in mind, in the fITst chapter of the study, the curricular programs from 1924 to 1999 --published by the Turkish Ministry of National Education-are analyzed. It is concluded that, in the curricula, the conception of the 'universe' is limited to the 'West'; 'literature' is reduced either to 'Western literature' or to 'national literature' . This indicates that literature is not seriously regarded as a universal phenomenon. Moreover, the entire conception of '"World Literature" in the current program refers to foreign literature that is used for the sake of impressing nationalist values. In the second chapter, the textbooks themselves written in accordance with the curricula are analyzed. In the fITst part, a descriptive study of the translated literature presented in the literature textbooks read from the 1930s until the present day is carried out. The criteria that are applied in the selection of the translated texts have proved out to be 'canonicity' and 'nationality'. The descriptive study of the textbooks has again revealed that, under the label of 'universality' and 'humanity', only 'Western literature' is taught to students. As for the Ministry's understanding of 'translation', it can be observed that most of the names of the translators are specified from the 1940s to the 1980s; therefore, the position of the 'translator' is not totally disregarded. However, the analysis which aims to reveal the current position has shown that the name of the translator is not quoted: According to today's approach the position of the 'translator' is wholly disregarded. In the second part of Chapter Two with the aim of carrying out a comprehensive study, foreign texts that are presented to the students as 'adaptations' are analyzed; and it is discovered that, when the place names and names of characters are domesticated, 'translations' are referred to as 'adaptations'. This is indicative of the normative approach of the Ministry, which fails to consider 'translation' as a cultural activity, and reduces it to a linguistic activity. The study concludes with the evaluation of the data gathered from the descriptive studies, and suggestions are made concerning the problems caused by the Turkish National Education system in its approach to translation.
De-Re- contextualising simultaneous interpreting: interpreters in the ivory tover
(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Diriker, Ebru.; Bengi-Öner, Işın.
Simultaneous Interpreting (Sn Research has been dominated by cognitive and neurolinguistic paradigms with little attention devoted to the simultaneous interpreter as a professional working in social, ideological and interactional contexts and to the interdependency between these contexts and actual SI performance. Different from the mainstream approach, Ebru Diriker's "De-lRe-Contextualising Simultaneous Interpreting: Interpreters in the Ivory Tower?" sets out to 'contextualise' SI behaviour. The first part focuses on the broader socio-cultural context around SI by exploring the (re )presentation of the profession( al) in the meta-discourse which suggests that in the general discourse interpreters are pre-dominantly (re )presented as professionals capable of identifying with the speaker and transferring the meanings intended by them completely, fluently and without becoming personally involved in shaping the 'meaning'. As against this background, the second part explores the performance of interpreters and the nature of the interpreted utterance within the context of an actual conference. The findings challenge many of the widely held assumptions regarding S1 and suggest that simultaneous interpreters do not render the meaning assumed to exist in the original but negotiate a meaning in context, their 'delivery' does not only represent the speaker but a multiplicity of speaker-positions and identifying with the speaker's 1 st person does not come naturally but creates a source of tension, vulnerability and strength for the interpreter. The findings also point to the mythical and purposeful nature of the meta-discourse, underscore the need to revise some of the basic assumptions in S1 literature and call for a more concerted approach to analysing actual S1 behaviour as a 'situated action'.
The politics and poetics of translation in Turkey 1923-1960
(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.; Paker, Saliha.
Contemporary research on translation history in early republican Turkey is marked by a focus on the activities of the Translation Bureau [Tercüme Bürosu] (1940-1966) at the expense of other publishers which operated in various fields of translated literature. Şehnaz Tahir Gürçağlar's The Politics and Poetics of Translation in Turkey 1923-1960 challenges this focus and sets out to reveal the complex and diversified nature of the system of translated literature in the first four decades of the Republic. The study is carried out on two levels. On the broad level, the dissertation investigates the implications of the political transformation experienced in Turkey after the proclamation of the Republic for the cultural and literary fields, including the field of translated literature. On a more specific level, it holds translation under special focus and explores the discourse formed on translation and translators in speeches, articles, prefaces or books concentrating on such issues as the functions and definitions of translation, translation strategies and the translator's visibility. This is complemented by a descriptive study of a series of translated texts from the fields of both canonical and popular literature which investigates the norms (not) observed by translators throughout the 1920s-1950s with special emphasis on paratextual elements, approaches towards textual integrity, and the treatment of proper names and foreign cultural elements. The findings of the study suggest that the concepts of translation both affected and were affected by cultural processes in the society, including ideological and poetological ones and that there was no uniform way of defining or carrying out translations during the period under study. The findings also point at the segmentation of readership in early republican Turkey and conclude that the political and poetological factors governing the production and reception of translations varied for different segments of readers.
Aspects of agency in the case of editor-translators in the 1990s Turkey
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Ezber, Gökçen, 1978-; Paker, Saliha.
The present study focuses on the different aspects of agrncy in translational phenımena in the case of editor translators in the 1990s Turkey. The theoretical framework of the study ia largely drawn by the recent focus on cultural and sociological issues in translaton studies. The initial aim of this study is to reveal that translation is a socially regulated activity with active agents under focus. Following the cultural theorist Itamar Even-Zohar's and the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework, the study focuses on both the social-cultural and personal aspects of translatorial agency in the case of the five editor-translators, Celal Uster, Ulker İnce, İlknur Ozdemir, Yurdanur Salman ve Cevat Çapan, inthe 1990s Turkey. The contextualisation of the different roles and positions of these agents reveal that different aspects of agency of the editor-translators in the 1990s were shaped both by their personal dispositions and socio-cultural facts of the field in which they operate. The findings of the study reveal that research in different aspects of agency and socio-cultural factors offer a fresh perspective for the study of translatorial issues.
A translational journey: Orhan Pamuk in english
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Yılmaz, Melike.; Karantay, Suat.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the factors instrumental in the translational journey of Orhan Pamuk into English. Orhan Pamuk, who has been established in Turkey as a distinct literary figure since the late 1970s, now stands as the second most translated Turkish writer into English (after Yaşar Kemal). His novels have been readily translated into English in priority over many other works of Turkish literature. First reviewing Turkish literature in English translation and then Orhan Pamuk's literary career and the literary features of his novels, the study then focuses upon the question why his novels have been selected for translation into English. In order to answer this question, a corpus of reviews and critical essays in English on Pamuk and his novels, as well as interviews are examined. Such an analysis is based on the rationale that reviewers, critics and translators (considered rewriters by André Lefevere), having substantial manipulative power in the reception of an author or a literary work in a literary system, may provide key information on the factors. The examination of the corpus reveals three main factors. These factors are indeed those usually foregrounded by reviewers and critics. The first factor is the literary value of his works, the second is the juxtaposition of the dichotomy of East and West in his novels to create a synthesis, and the third and the last is his social and political awareness in regard to issues such as human rights, freedom of expression, terrorism and politics, whether national or universal.
An analytical study on the migration of Sartrean existentialism into Turkey through translation
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Koş, Ayşenaz.; Karantay, Suat.
The central concern of this thesis is to explore the role played by translation when a philosophical theory moves across cultural and linguistic boundaries. The study reveals the double role of translation in this migration, both "indicative" and "formative". (Susam-Sarajeva 2002 : 10) While translation together with other related "rewritings" allows us an insight into the mechanisms of the receiving system, it also contributes greatly to the image formation of the writer as well as to the formation of a local discourse.The thesis presents an account of the reception of existentialism in Turkey from the late 1940s to the present. Referring particularly to Jean-Paul Sartre's nonfiction works translated into Turkish and to the indigenous writings on Sartre and existentialism, and to extratextual material accompanying translations as well, the changing images of Sartre in Turkey are displayed. Issues of terminology and retranslation in the transfer of Sartre's texts are also focused on.
Tercüme and individual thought: |conflict and consensus over concepts and norms of translation
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Özkan, Ayşe.; Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.
Any comprehensive research on translation history will need to juxtapose theory and practice and not confine itself to either of them. Through the textual and extratextual material present in Tercüme, this study examines the theoretical and practical discourses of the contributors to Tercüme, a translation journal which was launched by the Ministry of Education in a period when translation gained a significant importance in the cultural life of the Republican Turkey. The study offers an overview of the political and cultural climate of Turkey covering the publication life of the journal. It provides a quantitative analysis to provide a concrete basis for the critical discourse analysis and translation description which constitute the core of this thesis. The study holds the discourse formed around translation under special focus and explores whether there was some variety in the discourse of the journal and whether a degree of accordance was created among the writer-translators in Tercüme. The critical discourse analysis is complemented by a descriptive study of a series of poems and investigates the matricial norms (not) observed by the translators. The findings of the study suggest that there was no uniform way of defining translation and translation-related concepts or carrying out translations in Tercüme and help us to reposition it from being a journal operating under state patronage with a strictly defined mission to being an open forum which contributed to the making of a translation repertoire in Turkey through the various options produced and maintained by the agents who took part in Tercüme.
Translation and the authorial image:reception of Latife Tekin's literary works within the source and target culture(s)
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Graduate Institute of Social Sciences, 2005., 2005.) Ayhan, Ayşe.; Paker, Saliha.
This thesis analyzes the reception of Latife Tekin's literary works and her authorial image shaped within the source and target culture(s). Exploring the role rewriters/rewritings, including translation, play in the reception and image-shaping processes, the study demonstrates that there exists a dual interaction between the source and target culture(s) receptions of Tekin's works. This thesis discusses the source culture and the target culture(s) receptions of Tekin's works, respectively, and presents a comparative account of the differences and similarities in the reception of Tekin's works. By analyzing all these aspects, this thesis aims to survey how rewritings have been influential in the reception of Tekin's literary works and to examine how the authorial image has been determined and transformed within both the source and target culture(s).
The image of Nazım Hikmet and his poetry in Anglo-American literary systems in 2002
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Graduate Institute of Social Sciences, 2005., 2005.) Ergil, Başak.; Kaplan, ismail.
The aim of this thesis is to look into the image of Nâzım Hikmet and his poetry in Anglo-American literary systems in 2002 through a paratextual analysis. Nâzım Hikmet is crucial for the realm of translation studies since he is the Turkish poet who has been translated into English more than any other Turkish poet and who has been translated into as many as more than fifty languages. Besides, the year 2002 is the year when four books of Hikmet's translated poetry were published abroad. Two of these books were published in the U.S.A, one in Paris, and one in London.Since this study aims to carry out a research on the image of Hikmet and his poetry from a historical perspective; the image before 2002 is also examined within its socio-political background. In the first chapter of the thesis, the anthologies, reviews, criticisms and selected poetry books published in Anglo-American literary systems are examined through paratextual analysis and discourse analysis and the image of Hikmet and his poetry before 20022 is discussed. A similar methodology is employed in the second chapter of the thesis to carry out an analytic research on the four target texts of Hikmet's selected poetry published in 2002. In the last chapter of this thesis, the reception of these four books as well as the image created through their reviews and criticisms are discussed through discourse analysis of these metatexts. This study is a research-oriented, historical, descriptive study wherein the gradual change of the image of Hikmet and his poetry is revealed through the description and evaluation of the visual paratextual elements as well as discursive analyses of the textual ones. In conclusion, the evaluation of the research data reveals that the change of the image of Hikmet and his poetry in Anglo-American literary systems is reflective of the 2oth century socio-political background and that there is a discrepancy between the images formed before and after the dissolution of the Communist bloc.
(Un)Bridging the GAP: The case of translations from Yugoslav literature into Turkish (1962-2001)
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2006., 2006.) Dansuk, Fatma Cihan.; Kaplan, ismail.
The purpose of the present study is to examine and analyze the factors instrumental in the translations from Yugoslav literature into Turkish. Turkish and the "Yugoslav" peoples lived together for more than 500 years under the Ottoman rule. However, this coexistence had a minuscule rolein the flow of literary translations from Yugoslav literature into Turkish. After reviewing the works of scholars of translation, literature, and history and providing a historical account of Yugoslav literature, this study dwells upon the Yugoslav literature in Turkish translation. As translations from Yugoslav literature into Turkish are traced from 1962 up to 2001, forewords and afterwords written by translators and editors, and the backgrounds of these translators are scanned. Finally, the socio-politicaland cultural relations between two peoples throughout history are explored. The examination of these aspects reveals that translations fromYugoslav literature into Turkish have three main factors. The first factor isthe power relations, i.e. the Western dominance in cultural life visible inliterary standards and international literary awards. The second factor is the official ideology of the Republican period that can be defined as "the official amnesia" towards the Balkans in general and the "former" Yugoslavia in particular. Finally, the third factor is the limited number oftranslators and publishers dedicating their efforts to translating Yugoslav literature into Turkish.
Absence/silence of a translation as a borderline issue: Şeytan Ayetleri (The Satanic Verses)
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Yılmaz, Sevcan.; Kaplan, ismail.
This thesis is particularly concerned with what the effects of ideology on the selection process of the translation are and how and why ideology aborts authors or texts-to-be-translated. Firstly, the significance of silence and absence in general is stressed to explain the reasons of analyzing a book which has not been translated into Turkish: Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses. Then, the "ideology" concept of this thesis is defined: not just the specific thought system of a group but a curriculum ofpower and conpol with its apparatuses, aims, directions, financial resources and political aspect. Different dimensions of ideology, which make it a curriculum, are also analyzed: the ideology of the author, the ideology of the translator(s), the ideology of institutions, the ideology of countries, the ideology of concepts and the ideology of theories. Ideology with all of its dimensions can affect the very first movement of translation and try to repress or even abort a text-to-be-translated. Thus, this thesis focuses on the place of selection, repression1 abortion and ideology in translation theory. The third chapter of this thesis analyzes the repression and abortion of The Satanic Verses both in the world and in Turkey to make concrete the ideas in the theoretical framework.
Problematizing translated popular texts on women's sexuality: a new perspective on the modernization project in Turkey from 1931 to 1959
(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Koçak, Müge Işıklar.; Paker, Saliha.
In this doctoral research, a database, the first of its kind in Turkey, is established for non-literary translated and indigenous texts for/on women published between 1828 and 1990. Since the critical analysis of the database reveals sexuality to have been the subject most translated and written about, ten texts on women’s sexuality published between 1931 and 1959 are selected for analysis in three case studies. In order to contextualize this corpus, a literature survey is presented of works on the history of Turkish women’s movements and the republican modernization project, along with a critical overview of non-literary articles (translated and otherwise) in women’s magazines. Firstly this thesis aims to analyze the complexities underlying translations, which bear significant consequences for the study of republican translation history: translations were altered in such ways that they became different from their source texts in terms of fullness; several assumed translations were in fact pseudotranslations, with no corresponding source texts, while some assumed indigenous texts were, in fact, concealed translations. Secondly, as an interdisciplinary study, the thesis aims to show that the discursive interventions of the translators foregrounded the issue of sexuality while aiming at informing female readers on the subject. When the full range of translations (those lacking in fullness, pseudotranslations, compilative and concealed translations) are compared with indigenous texts, it becomes clear that translators were less constrained than indigenous writers in expressing themselves and created a freer discourse of their own in the early republican period. Thus, this thesis also throws a fresh perspective on the republican modernization project by positing new findings to question arguments in Turkish women’s studies that women’s sexuality was suppressed in the nation-building process.
Greek fiction translated into Turkish: 1990-2006
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Kayadelen, Ekaterini.; Paker, Saliha.
The present study that covers the period of seventeen years, from 1990 until the end of 2006, focuses on the dynamics of fiction translations from Greek into Turkish from the point of view of translators, publishers or their editors and reviewers. Following Israeli literary-cultural theorist Itamar Even-Zohar’s “polysystem theory,” the corpus of translations is considered as belonging to the “system” of translated Greek fiction, a system which is in a dynamic interrelationship with the Turkish literary polysystem. However, this corpus of translations cannot be thought without its creators, i.e. the intercultural “agents of transfer,” that is, translators and publishers/editors. Since, where translators and publishers/editors are concerned, one can hardly have access to sources written directly from the agents themselves, I have made use of interviews to provide data for my research. Consequently, my study is based on the interviews I held with nine translators (Panayot Abacı, Aristoteli Çokonas, Kriton Dinçmen, ro Kaplangı, Herkül Millas, Müfide Pekin, Sema Sandalcı, Kosta Sarıoglu, Ahmet Yorulmaz) and seven publishers or their editors (Belge, Can, Dogan, letisim, Inkılap, Literatür, Pencere). The analysis of the data provided in the interviews with the agents of transfer, the paratextual characteristics of some of the Turkish translations and the data obtained from written reviews have helped me view the relationship between the dynamics in this field and the corpus of translated Greek fiction from literary, social, political and ideological perspectives.
Translation and identity: a case study on Eda: an anthology of contemporary Turkish poetry
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Uçak, Hülya.; Kaplan, İsmail.
The aim of this thesis is to present a case study on Eda: An Anthology of Contemporary Turkish Poetry (2004). This anthology is edited and mainly translated by Murat Nemet-Nejat. The anthology is analyzed with an orientation towards finding out how Turkish culture is represented in the work and the relationship of this representation with the existing stereotypical representation of Turkish culture. For this purpose, paratextual elements of the anthology are analyzed in the second chapter. It is seen that the "otherness" of Turkish culture is pointed out in these paratextual elements which emphasize the metaphysical aspect of contemporary Turkish poetry. In the third chapter of the thesis, target poems presented in the anthology are analyzed in comparison with their source poems in Turkish in order to find out the parallelism between Nemet-Nejat's arguments in the paratexts and his translation strategies. It is seen that sensuality and spirituality appear as the distinctive characteristics of Turkish culture as a result of Nemet-Nejat's translational decisions. The similarities between the discourse of this anthology and the stereotypical representation of Turkish culture and identity are tried to be displayed in the fourth chapter. Based on the results of this case study which focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the translation strategies of Nemet-Nejat, it is argued that this anthology seems to point out the most marked stereotypical images related to Turkish culture and reinforce the stereotypical representation of Turkish culture by essentializing the difference between the source and target cultures.
Dr. Abdullah Cevdet’s translations (1908-1910): The making of a Westernist and materialist “culture repertoire” in a “resistant” Ottoman context
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Ayluçtarhan, Sevda.; Paker, Saliha.
This study aims to analyze Abdullah Cevdet’s translations published within the first three years (1908-1910) of the Second Constitutional period by taking “culture-planning” aspects of them as its focal point. The present thesis is the first academic attempt to reflect specifically on the Turkish translation history of the Second Constitutional period within a modern paradigm of translation studies. In this research, Abdullah Cevdet’s translations are examined from a systemic point of view, and are associated with the dynamics in the Ottoman cultural polysystem. This study shows that Abdullah Cevdet aimed to introduce new literary and cultural “options” into the Ottoman “culture repertoire” with his translation of Shakespeare’s plays. From a systemic point of view, this research connects Abdullah Cevdet’s translation of the plays with his ideological program. On another level, it points to a new orientation at the turn of the twentieth century observed in Abdullah Cevdet’s Shakspeare translations regarding the concept and practice of translation. Abdullah Cevdet’s non-literary translations published in the relevant time span are also contextualized in this research in terms of the significant role they played in Abdullah Cevdet’s ideological program. Another significant discussion in this study is related to why and how the materialist and anti-Islamic “options” Abdullah Cevdet inculcated with his controversial Tarih-i İslamiyet encountered large-scale active “resistance” by conservative Ottomans.
"Türkçe Söyleyen" Can Yücel: The "Rewriter" par excellence
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Çavuşoğlu, Özgür.; Karantay, Suat.
This thesis problematizes the poet-translator Can Yücel’s unique translation approach designated as “Türkçe Söyleyen” in the Turkish literary system by analyzing four of his translations in three genres: poetry, drama, and prose fiction. In order to resolve the definitional ambivalence as to whether Yücel’s free translations can be categorized under “translation proper” or under some other label, the study takes up the four key terms used in the discourse on translational output: “imitation,” “adaptation,” “version,” and “rewriting.” The study demonstrates that André Lefevere and Susan Bassnett’s notion of “rewriting” accounts for Yücel’s specific translation approach in the most thorough way, making him, in fact, the finest practitioner of the designation the “‘rewriter’ par excellence.” The four descriptive translation analyses demonstrate that Yücel’s works are “translation proper” and none of the first three terms above can fully define them, because the translator “rewrote” his source texts with his idiosyncratic translation poetics, especially characterized by vocabulary and usages specific to the Turkish language and culture. This poetics of the “Turkish rewriter,” which is sometimes referred to as “Can Babaca” (Canese), is based upon a leftist ideology aimed at “colonizing” his source texts. The textual analyses indicate that while his free strategies help Yücel create “metapoems” in his translations of “Sonnet 66” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” they hinder literary excellence to a considerable extent in his translations of The Glass Menagerie and The Great Gatsby because of a drastic shift of register from colloquial to slang. Whereas Yücel’s heavily “appropriating” macro-strategy fo
Tracing discourse in prefaces to Turkish translations of fiction by Remzi publishing huose in the 1930s and 1940s
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Bozkurt, Seyhan.; Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.
Regarding translation not only as a linguistic transfer but as part of a complex sociocultural context this study focuses on the discourse in translators' prefaces to find out what facts their analysis can reveal about the translation in a wider context. I argue in this study that translators assume a mediating role between the socio-cultural context and the translated text in their prefaces. This thesis brings together thee significant components, the paratext, the translator and the publisher which can be considered to occupy the same space metaphorically. The corpus of the study consists of prefaces written by translators to their translations published in "Dünya Muharrirlerinden Tercümeler Serisi" (Translations fiom World Authors) published by Remzi publishing house which can be considered as the biggest and the first significant attempt to translate Western classics into Turkish before the state-sponsored Translation Bureau. The study offers a picture of the period when the series was published and reveals that '"Dünya Muhmirlerinden Tercümeler Serisi" with its supporting journal, Kalem set an example for The Translation Bureau and its journal Tercüme, which lent it a distinctive status in the period under study. When the discourse in the prefaces is analyzed in the light of critical discourse analysis and described within the framework of polysystem theory it became obvious that translators sf Remzi played an active role not only in the translation system but also the other systems of culture. This confirmed that translators using spaces allotted to them in prefaces can bring together the translated text and the socio-cultural context. The study also revealed that the publisher Rernzi Bengi, the advisory boards of the publishing house and its translators can be considered as idea-makers, culture-entrepreneurs and 'carriers of life-images' because of the significant roles they played in the period under study, The analysis of translators' prefaces also suggests that paratexts widen the scope of translation research by incorporating translation into a wider network.
The role of Thilda Kemal in the recreation of Yaşar Kemal's literature in English
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Kaya, Burçe.; Ross, Jonathan Maurice.
The aim of this study is to reveal Thilda Kemal's role as a translator in the recreation of YaşarK emal's literature in English. In this study, "The Wind from the Plain" trilogy, which includes the novels The Wind, from the Plain (1963) (Orfa Direk, 1960), Iron Earth, Copper Sky (1974) (Yer Llemir Gök Bakır, 1963) and The Undying Grass (1977) (Olmez Otu, 1968), is described and discussed according to a target-oriented approach. The overall objective of these case studies is to identify and problematize the translation strategies deployed by Thilda Kemal and to try and find answers to the two leading questions of this study: "What is the role of Thilda Kemal in the recreation of Yaşar Kemal's literature in English?" and "What are the influences of her translation strategies on Yaşar Kemal's literature as recreated in the target language?" As a yardstick for comparison, Margaret E. Platon's translation of Ince Memed 2 (1969), (They Burn the Thistles) (1973), is also the object of a target-oriented descriptive analysis. Based on these case studies, Margaret Platon is seen to have stuck closer to the norms of the source text than did Thilda Kemal, resulting in a translation that is rather "faithful" to the linguistic and cultural qualities of ihe source text. It is suggested that the fact that Thilda Kemal is Yaşar Kemal's wife and she acted as the editor of the source texts reduced the potential authoritative influence of the author on her decisions; hence allowing her to use more initiative in her translational decisions than other translators may have done.
A Gender-based study of Nihal Yeğinobalı's pseudo-translation Genç Kızlar
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2008., 2008.) Alt, Nil.; Bahadır, Şebnem.
In the first part of this study, the social and cultural reasons behind Nihal Yeğinobalı's novel Genç Kızlar being published as a pseudo-translation are explored based on the concept of gender. The ideas of the translation studies scholars who conduct research and theorize within the area where Translation Studies and Gender interact are employed and the major concepts on which these theories have been built are reconsidered on the basis of Yeğinobalı's pseudo-translation case. It is claimed that pseudotranslation is a translation studies concept capable of providing valuable clues concerning the social and cultural conjuncture of its time as well as a methodological tool. In this respect, it is further asserted that Yeğinobalı has gained a reputation through this very case of pseudo-translation in the Turkish literary system and later, with the aid of this reputation, she has been accepted as an author who produces work on gender-related issues. In the second part of this study, Yeginoball's novels are studied in the light of the repeated motifs she uses in all her works and it is discussed whether or not Yeğinobalı does have a 'feminist approach' as perceived by some Turkish literary authorities. Finally, in the conclusion chapter, the results of this gender-based case study are pointed out and it is emphasized that the concepts produced within the scope of Translation Studies as well as the methodologies developed in this field should not be confined within the limits of binary oppositions. It is concluded that a multi-dimensional approach would have a notable contribution to the international and interdisciplinary credibility of Translation Studies.

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