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A critical re-evaluation of Gideon Toury's target-oriented approach to "Translation" phenomena
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1998., 1998.) Özben, R. Tunç.; Kuran, Nedret Pınar.
Translating and interpreting are two separate but related forms of “Translation”. Various scholars of Interpreting Studies believe that translation theories are significant in understanding the phenomena of interpreting. On the other hand, it is widely held that recent translation research and theory operate in accordance with the major assumptions of the “Target-Oriented Approach,” an influential modern theory of translation developed by the Israeli scholar G. Toury in order to explain all phenomena related to translation. The approach, however, had not previously been systematically examined as a possible theoretical framework for interpreting studies as well. To investigate the relevance of the Target-Oriented Approach to interpreting studies, a “secondary analysis” of a selection of Interpreting Studies literature, consisting of 81 sources obtained through bibliographic research at the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori in Italy, has been carried out to compare and contrast the major assumptions of the Target-Oriented Approach with relevant assumptions developed in the domain of Interpreting Studies. The findings of this study indicate that the Target-Oriented Approach is a useful theoretical framework for the domain of Interpreting Studies, even though it is not a theory general enough to explain all phenomena related to translation, but a more specific theory, particularly, related to “cultural studies” in translation phenomena.
A critical study of the Turkish translations of Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape and its interpretations within the Turkish theatrical system
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2010., 2010.) Dinçel, Burç İdem.; Ross, Jonathan Maurice.
This study explores the relationship between theatre criticism and theatre-translation criticism, with the purpose of challenging the tendency of Translation Studies to bypass theatre and that of Theatre Studies to attach little importance to the act of translation in performance. The thesis questions the dynamics of the two disciplines in the light of the research question that it seeks to answer: "when analysing a performance of a translated theatre work, what factors might a theatre-translation critic take into account?" In order to fulfil the needs of this question, moreover, the reasons behind the choice of studying the Turkish translations of Samuel Beckett‘s Krapp’s Last Tape and its interpretations within the Turkish theatrical system have been elucidated in the introductory part of the thesis. After providing a close look at the author‘s oeuvre and the position that Krapp’s Last Tape holds in the Beckett canon, the study examines the perception of Beckett‘s and that of Krapp’s Last Tape in Turkey in view of the systemic dynamics of the target culture. Furthermore, in order to move criticism from "page" to "stage" in theatre-translation criticism, the thesis proposes a model for the analysis of the performances of plays in translation that can simultaneously embrace the textual and scenic dimensions of theatre translations. As an application of the model, the Tiyatro-Z production of Krapp’s Last Tape has been analysed with the purpose of monitoring the acts of translation undertaken by the actor and director in the course of the performance. The findings of the thesis highlight the necessity of thinking theatre criticism and theatre translation criticism in relation to each other in terms of emancipating the act of translation and theatre from the bonds of the mutual neglect between the two disciplines.
A critical study on Pınar Kür as author-translator: authorial and translatorial styles in interaction
(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2011., 2011.) Aka, Elif.; Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.
The present thesis has two main goals: to explore interactions between Pınar Kür’s authorial and translatorial styles and to test the extent to which corpus methodology can be employed in the stylistic analysis of literary texts. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the texts in the corpus, which consists of Bitmeyen Aşk (1986), Bir Cinayet Romanı (1989), Geniş Geniş Bir Deniz [Wide Sargasso Sea] (1982), Dörtlü [Quartet] (1985), Karanlıkta Yolculuk [Voyage in the Dark] (1989), and Günaydın Geceyarısı [Goodmorning Midnight] (1990), demonstrate that there are various interactions between Kür’s authorial and translatorial styles. The study reveals that certain aspects of style would not be detected without a qualitative analysis despite the benefits provided by corpus software. The discourse analysis of the essays about author-translators in the journals Tercüme, Yazko Çeviri, and Metis Çeviri shows that author-translators were well-esteemed and expected to translate literary works into Turkish in stylistic similarity to the source texts particularly in the 1940s. The results of the investigation on Kür’s ‘habitus’ and the reception of her works in the fields of Turkish literature and literary translation show that Pınar Kür has considerable symbolic capital as an author-translator. The thesis further explores the agency of the author-translator positioned in the intersection of the Turkish literary polysystem and the system of literature in Turkish translation and identifies influences of her authorial habitus on her translatorial habitus and vice versa.
A Gender-based study of Nihal Yeğinobalı's pseudo-translation Genç Kızlar
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2008., 2008.) Alt, Nil.; Bahadır, Şebnem.
In the first part of this study, the social and cultural reasons behind Nihal Yeğinobalı's novel Genç Kızlar being published as a pseudo-translation are explored based on the concept of gender. The ideas of the translation studies scholars who conduct research and theorize within the area where Translation Studies and Gender interact are employed and the major concepts on which these theories have been built are reconsidered on the basis of Yeğinobalı's pseudo-translation case. It is claimed that pseudotranslation is a translation studies concept capable of providing valuable clues concerning the social and cultural conjuncture of its time as well as a methodological tool. In this respect, it is further asserted that Yeğinobalı has gained a reputation through this very case of pseudo-translation in the Turkish literary system and later, with the aid of this reputation, she has been accepted as an author who produces work on gender-related issues. In the second part of this study, Yeginoball's novels are studied in the light of the repeated motifs she uses in all her works and it is discussed whether or not Yeğinobalı does have a 'feminist approach' as perceived by some Turkish literary authorities. Finally, in the conclusion chapter, the results of this gender-based case study are pointed out and it is emphasized that the concepts produced within the scope of Translation Studies as well as the methodologies developed in this field should not be confined within the limits of binary oppositions. It is concluded that a multi-dimensional approach would have a notable contribution to the international and interdisciplinary credibility of Translation Studies.
A translational journey: Orhan Pamuk in english
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Yılmaz, Melike.; Karantay, Suat.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the factors instrumental in the translational journey of Orhan Pamuk into English. Orhan Pamuk, who has been established in Turkey as a distinct literary figure since the late 1970s, now stands as the second most translated Turkish writer into English (after Yaşar Kemal). His novels have been readily translated into English in priority over many other works of Turkish literature. First reviewing Turkish literature in English translation and then Orhan Pamuk's literary career and the literary features of his novels, the study then focuses upon the question why his novels have been selected for translation into English. In order to answer this question, a corpus of reviews and critical essays in English on Pamuk and his novels, as well as interviews are examined. Such an analysis is based on the rationale that reviewers, critics and translators (considered rewriters by André Lefevere), having substantial manipulative power in the reception of an author or a literary work in a literary system, may provide key information on the factors. The examination of the corpus reveals three main factors. These factors are indeed those usually foregrounded by reviewers and critics. The first factor is the literary value of his works, the second is the juxtaposition of the dichotomy of East and West in his novels to create a synthesis, and the third and the last is his social and political awareness in regard to issues such as human rights, freedom of expression, terrorism and politics, whether national or universal.
A Utopian journey in Turkish: from non-translation to retranslation
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2011., 2011.) Elgül, Ceyda.; Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.
This study explores the role of translation in the evolution of new contexts for foreign works. It classifies non-translation, initial translation and retranslation as the three existential forms in which translation appears and proposes that each of these forms attributes the foreign work a different translational context. Benefiting from the favorable grounds provided by the journey of Thomas More’s Utopia in the Turkish literary system, this diachronic study embraces the pre- and post-translation periods synchronously with the period in which the translation first appeared.The study firstly investigates Utopia in the Turkish literary system as a work that appeared in the form of non-translation in the period between the Tanzimat and 1964 and questions what type of a culture repertoire this non-translation contributed to. Then, it focuses on the initial translation and seeks a position for this first translation in the context of the 1960s, referring to the social dynamics of the period in which the translation first appeared after a long phase of resistance. Here, the study touches on the agency factor and explores the historical significance of the first translation in relation to the external factors that concern the agents of the translation. Following the initial translation, which is still in print today, Utopia has been introduced to the Turkish literary system sixteen times and has met the expectations of various reader groups. Focusing on two of these representations of the work, the study explores the contexts drawn for Utopia by the retranslations within a framework that includes ideology, agency and readership. Through the analysis of this long translational journey which started in the Tanzimat Period and is still in progress, the study reveals that a number of contexts for a single literary work might appear via translation, which helps the work serve different -even opposing- ideological purposes, and that these contexts simultaneously sustain their existence in the receiving literary repertoire.
Absence/silence of a translation as a borderline issue: Şeytan Ayetleri (The Satanic Verses)
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Yılmaz, Sevcan.; Kaplan, ismail.
This thesis is particularly concerned with what the effects of ideology on the selection process of the translation are and how and why ideology aborts authors or texts-to-be-translated. Firstly, the significance of silence and absence in general is stressed to explain the reasons of analyzing a book which has not been translated into Turkish: Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses. Then, the "ideology" concept of this thesis is defined: not just the specific thought system of a group but a curriculum ofpower and conpol with its apparatuses, aims, directions, financial resources and political aspect. Different dimensions of ideology, which make it a curriculum, are also analyzed: the ideology of the author, the ideology of the translator(s), the ideology of institutions, the ideology of countries, the ideology of concepts and the ideology of theories. Ideology with all of its dimensions can affect the very first movement of translation and try to repress or even abort a text-to-be-translated. Thus, this thesis focuses on the place of selection, repression1 abortion and ideology in translation theory. The third chapter of this thesis analyzes the repression and abortion of The Satanic Verses both in the world and in Turkey to make concrete the ideas in the theoretical framework.
An analytical study on the migration of Sartrean existentialism into Turkey through translation
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Koş, Ayşenaz.; Karantay, Suat.
The central concern of this thesis is to explore the role played by translation when a philosophical theory moves across cultural and linguistic boundaries. The study reveals the double role of translation in this migration, both "indicative" and "formative". (Susam-Sarajeva 2002 : 10) While translation together with other related "rewritings" allows us an insight into the mechanisms of the receiving system, it also contributes greatly to the image formation of the writer as well as to the formation of a local discourse.The thesis presents an account of the reception of existentialism in Turkey from the late 1940s to the present. Referring particularly to Jean-Paul Sartre's nonfiction works translated into Turkish and to the indigenous writings on Sartre and existentialism, and to extratextual material accompanying translations as well, the changing images of Sartre in Turkey are displayed. Issues of terminology and retranslation in the transfer of Sartre's texts are also focused on.
An ethnographic approach to news translation in Turkey
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2011., 2011.) Dabancalı, Buket.; Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz.
Although translation is a sine qua non tool for the flow of information around the world, its outstanding role tends to be neglected or underestimated by the mass media worldwide. Translation studies also fails to cover translation’s role in the news media with the exception of few recent studies. This study aims to draw attention to how translation works for the benefit of the news production. While doing this, I have tried to explore a sociological approach to news translation in Turkey anatomizing contemporary journalistic practice carried out by the Turkish news media. I have made use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in my study. The qualitative methods include interviews with journalists covering foreign news and authorities in the media sector as well as my own on-site observations of foreign news making. The quantitative methods are based on a selection of news items on Wikileaks produced by one Turkish newspaper, one Turkish news TV channel and one Turkish news magazine. The reason why I have chosen Wikileaks as my case study is that it is a recent event in which documents provoking worldwide interest are released in one language (i.e. English), making translation a precious and intensive tool in reaching these documents to the public. The selected news items have been analyzed and the analyses have been juxtaposed with the discourse of those who produced them so as to see to what extent the discourse overlaps the practice. The sociological aspect of my study has been supported by Bourdieu’s theory, and the contributions of Bassnett, Bielsa, Koskinen and Buzelin, who merge translation studies with sociology, have been reviewed.
Aranjman :|rewriting foreign pop songs for the Turkish cultural repertoire
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2010., 2010.) Pesen, Alaz.; Ross, Jonathan Maurice.
The present study focuses on pop song rewrites, in other words, aranjmans in 1960's Turkey. After reviewing previous scholarly approaches to song translation, it elaborates on aranjman, in other words, imported songs on two levels. The macrolevel investigation deals with how political, economic and cultural developments paved the way for the importation of pop music as a genre, whereas the micro-level is concerned with the analysis of songs in the light of the macro-level findings, both from the perspective of translation theory. The theoretical framework fuses Even- Zohar's concepts of "cultural repertoire", ''import'' and "invention" with Lefevere's "rewriting" and "patronage". Problematizing views that place excessive emphasis on the semantic rendering of lyrics in song rewriting, the study underscores that "singable" song translation and the criticism thereof cannot be fruitful unless a holistic approach is adopted. In a similar vein, appropriating Lefevere's notion of "rewriting" and subdividing it into "rewriting" lyrics, "rearranging", "recomposing", "reperforming", "resinging" and "rerecording" songs helps cast light on the fact that, in the real world of the music industry, the various modes of rewriting are all dependent on one another, and thus song rewriting can not be reduced to lyrics rewriting alone.
Aspects of agency in the case of editor-translators in the 1990s Turkey
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Ezber, Gökçen, 1978-; Paker, Saliha.
The present study focuses on the different aspects of agrncy in translational phenımena in the case of editor translators in the 1990s Turkey. The theoretical framework of the study ia largely drawn by the recent focus on cultural and sociological issues in translaton studies. The initial aim of this study is to reveal that translation is a socially regulated activity with active agents under focus. Following the cultural theorist Itamar Even-Zohar's and the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework, the study focuses on both the social-cultural and personal aspects of translatorial agency in the case of the five editor-translators, Celal Uster, Ulker İnce, İlknur Ozdemir, Yurdanur Salman ve Cevat Çapan, inthe 1990s Turkey. The contextualisation of the different roles and positions of these agents reveal that different aspects of agency of the editor-translators in the 1990s were shaped both by their personal dispositions and socio-cultural facts of the field in which they operate. The findings of the study reveal that research in different aspects of agency and socio-cultural factors offer a fresh perspective for the study of translatorial issues.
Commercial translation and professional translation practitioners in the era of cognitive capitalism :|a critical analysis
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Fırat, Gökhan.; Kaplan, İsmail.
This thesis investigates how current technological advances affect commercial translation and the working conditions of professional translation practitioners in the era of cognitive capitalism. Based on previous research, it can be deduced that the technological transformation of the language industry to date has (i) led to indirect production networks, (ii) created one-sided intellectual property practices, (iii) devalued translator’s skills and outputs. My primary conclusion is that as long as the aforementioned outcomes of previous technological developments prevail, current technological developments will not improve the role and position of professional translation practitioners. Instead, they will be rearranged and reorganized in space and time in accordance with the production methods and working conditions of cognitive capitalism. In order to provide a critical analysis, I utilized (i) Cognitive Capitalism Theory, (ii) the industry reports by TAUS (iii) research papers on digital platforms by ILO and (iv) a survey conducted with 70 professional translation practitioners residing in Turkey. Drawing on theoretical exploration, this study introduces the “uberization of translation” as one of the most recent manifestations of the cognitive capitalism era, and the field research suggests that engaging in such work exposes professional translation practitioners to risks related to employment status, adequate income, work-life balance, social protections, free agency, bargaining power, dependence on platform, fair allocation of risks and rewards, and data collection, protection and privacy.
De-Re- contextualising simultaneous interpreting: interpreters in the ivory tover
(Thesis (Ph.D.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Diriker, Ebru.; Bengi-Öner, Işın.
Simultaneous Interpreting (Sn Research has been dominated by cognitive and neurolinguistic paradigms with little attention devoted to the simultaneous interpreter as a professional working in social, ideological and interactional contexts and to the interdependency between these contexts and actual SI performance. Different from the mainstream approach, Ebru Diriker's "De-lRe-Contextualising Simultaneous Interpreting: Interpreters in the Ivory Tower?" sets out to 'contextualise' SI behaviour. The first part focuses on the broader socio-cultural context around SI by exploring the (re )presentation of the profession( al) in the meta-discourse which suggests that in the general discourse interpreters are pre-dominantly (re )presented as professionals capable of identifying with the speaker and transferring the meanings intended by them completely, fluently and without becoming personally involved in shaping the 'meaning'. As against this background, the second part explores the performance of interpreters and the nature of the interpreted utterance within the context of an actual conference. The findings challenge many of the widely held assumptions regarding S1 and suggest that simultaneous interpreters do not render the meaning assumed to exist in the original but negotiate a meaning in context, their 'delivery' does not only represent the speaker but a multiplicity of speaker-positions and identifying with the speaker's 1 st person does not come naturally but creates a source of tension, vulnerability and strength for the interpreter. The findings also point to the mythical and purposeful nature of the meta-discourse, underscore the need to revise some of the basic assumptions in S1 literature and call for a more concerted approach to analysing actual S1 behaviour as a 'situated action'.
Delayed for forty years :|the journey of Anayurt Oteli from Turkish into English
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Telaferli Kalaycıoğlu, Yağmur.; Cengiz, Ayşenaz.
This study aims to answer the question why Fred Stark’s translation of Anayurt Oteli into English had to wait for 40 years to get published. I propose that approaching the question with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological conception of the field of cultural production will yield the answer I seek. I argue that a contrastive sociological study that analyzes the contexts and paratexts surrounding the novel and the actual texts reveals how agents form discourse on two levels: the textual and the meta-discursive. On the textual level, I argue that in translation Anayurt Oteli is (re-)contextualized in the American literary system, demonstrating the Turkish individual torn in between the East and the West. On the latter level, I claim that the meta-discourse on translation still perpetuates Lawrence Venuti’s (2004) postulates of fluency and invisibility. I observe that de-/re-contextualization, fluency and invisibility are dictates of a commercialized book market. I maintain that in the near future, as modes of all production change due to the ecological crisis that the earlier few centuries’ greed for economic growth has resulted in, our expectations from cultural production will also shift towards practices of sustainable, subjective and intimate nature. I argue that with such a change, our understanding of the (in)visibility of the translators and ways to foreground their presence will have to follow suit. Accordingly, I offer an alternative, ecological model that foregrounds the unwritten, human aspects of the profession. I offer the profile of Fred Stark as an example to this new ecological understanding.
Dr. Abdullah Cevdet’s translations (1908-1910): The making of a Westernist and materialist “culture repertoire” in a “resistant” Ottoman context
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Ayluçtarhan, Sevda.; Paker, Saliha.
This study aims to analyze Abdullah Cevdet’s translations published within the first three years (1908-1910) of the Second Constitutional period by taking “culture-planning” aspects of them as its focal point. The present thesis is the first academic attempt to reflect specifically on the Turkish translation history of the Second Constitutional period within a modern paradigm of translation studies. In this research, Abdullah Cevdet’s translations are examined from a systemic point of view, and are associated with the dynamics in the Ottoman cultural polysystem. This study shows that Abdullah Cevdet aimed to introduce new literary and cultural “options” into the Ottoman “culture repertoire” with his translation of Shakespeare’s plays. From a systemic point of view, this research connects Abdullah Cevdet’s translation of the plays with his ideological program. On another level, it points to a new orientation at the turn of the twentieth century observed in Abdullah Cevdet’s Shakspeare translations regarding the concept and practice of translation. Abdullah Cevdet’s non-literary translations published in the relevant time span are also contextualized in this research in terms of the significant role they played in Abdullah Cevdet’s ideological program. Another significant discussion in this study is related to why and how the materialist and anti-Islamic “options” Abdullah Cevdet inculcated with his controversial Tarih-i İslamiyet encountered large-scale active “resistance” by conservative Ottomans.
Foregrounding the long-time backgrounded: Turkish translations of foregrounded heteroglossia and the postcolonial Identity of Trainspotting
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2017., 2017.) Er, Recai.; Hicks, Martin Cyr.
This study aims to analyze how the foregrounded aspects of the subversive novel Trainspotting (1994) are translated into Turkish. It situates the heteroglot novel Trainspotting by the Scottish author Irvine Welsh among the attempts that intend to subvert the hegemony of Standard English and the colonial desires of the British. The study is processed with the theoretical guidance of Homi Bhabha, Antoine Berman, Lawrence Venuti, Gayatri Spivak and Kwame Anthony Appiah, with the conceptual guidance of Mikhail Bakhtin’s heteroglossia and with the methodological framework of the theory of foregrounding. Although the theory of foregrounding will be the main methodological tool of this study, it will also make use of Gideon Toury’s norms (1995) to analyze the possible reasons of translators’ choices. After providing elaborated discussion on heteroglossia, the theory of foregrounding and the contextual frameworks of both source and target texts, a descriptive analysis of the translations of Trainspotting is carried. Within the textual analysis of the target texts, it has been observed that translators mostly deal with the foregrounded aspects of the novel with an inconsistent strategy. The heteroglot and vulgar language of the novel and the postcolonial identity enhanced with heteroglossia are mostly attempted to be relayed with nonstandard vernacular language. However, even though, this strategy gives a flavor of alienation in terms of the stylistic aspect of heteroglossia, it fails to retain the socio-ideological aspect of the language stratification.
From minority writer to Turkish exemplar: How Elif Shafak was consecrated for the Arab reader
(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2019., 2019.) Öztürk, Sare Rabia.; Demirkol, Şule.; Suçin, Mehmet Hakkı,; Baykara, Oğuz.
This thesis discusses the various socio-cultural developments that gave rise to the wide recognition of Elif Shafak in the Arab field of cultural production after her novel The Forty Rules of Love was published in 2012 in Arabic translation. It overviews the changing Turkish-Arab relations, mainly in the realm of culture and ideology, from their mutual Ottoman past to their post-Ottoman present. It also revisits the changing status of Sufi mysticism (major theme of The Forty Rules of Love) in Turkish and Arabic cultures according to prevailing ideologies and popular practices of religion. It includes in the discussion each culture’s relation to the Western world, especially as regards cultural translation. It also discusses the roles played by different kinds of agency in establishing Shafak’s name in the Arab context and the dynamics of representation and cultural translation that were at play in such undertaking. Its theoretical framework is structured through reference to Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, Homi K. Bhabha’s concepts of hybridity and cultural translation, and Mona Baker’s account of social narrative theory, combined with Nedret Kuran-Burçoglu’s synthesis of imagology and translation studies. The thesis is concluded with a descriptive and critical analysis of two samples extracted respectively from Shafak’s novels The Bastard of Istanbul and The Forty Rules of Love, the former for understanding translational actions around the Turkish identity and the latter for understanding translational actions around Sufi mysticism. The analysis incorporates the English original, the Turkish translation and the two Arabic translations of each novel.
Greek fiction translated into Turkish: 1990-2006
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2007., 2007.) Kayadelen, Ekaterini.; Paker, Saliha.
The present study that covers the period of seventeen years, from 1990 until the end of 2006, focuses on the dynamics of fiction translations from Greek into Turkish from the point of view of translators, publishers or their editors and reviewers. Following Israeli literary-cultural theorist Itamar Even-Zohar’s “polysystem theory,” the corpus of translations is considered as belonging to the “system” of translated Greek fiction, a system which is in a dynamic interrelationship with the Turkish literary polysystem. However, this corpus of translations cannot be thought without its creators, i.e. the intercultural “agents of transfer,” that is, translators and publishers/editors. Since, where translators and publishers/editors are concerned, one can hardly have access to sources written directly from the agents themselves, I have made use of interviews to provide data for my research. Consequently, my study is based on the interviews I held with nine translators (Panayot Abacı, Aristoteli Çokonas, Kriton Dinçmen, ro Kaplangı, Herkül Millas, Müfide Pekin, Sema Sandalcı, Kosta Sarıoglu, Ahmet Yorulmaz) and seven publishers or their editors (Belge, Can, Dogan, letisim, Inkılap, Literatür, Pencere). The analysis of the data provided in the interviews with the agents of transfer, the paratextual characteristics of some of the Turkish translations and the data obtained from written reviews have helped me view the relationship between the dynamics in this field and the corpus of translated Greek fiction from literary, social, political and ideological perspectives.
Harry Potter in Turkey : the sociocultural framework of translation in a global context
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences, 2009., 2009.) Özkan, Merlin.; Fırat, Nilgün.
This study focuses on the sociocultural framework of translational phenomena which governs the selection, production and reception processes. In this light, the external forces effective in the creation of a translated text, how these forces influence the adoption of translation strategies and the impact of translation as a cultural product are analyzed. The implications of cultural exchange through translation in a globalized background are studied in line with the analysis of the interactional character between broader social structures with all its agencies and their effect on the functional mechanisms of translation markets, the publishing industry and the procedural stages of translation. Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, Pierre Bourdieu’s relevant concepts of cultural production and circulation model, Gideon Toury’s concept of norms and Lawrence Venuti’s discourse on a cultural and political agenda are explored and questioned in terms of their sociological implications. The applicable aspects of these theoretical approaches are put into test to analyze the implications of the Harry Potter translations in the Turkish target culture and the intercultural relations of translations across various cultural settings. The analysis of the case study has shown that the translations are initially conditioned by the macro clusters of social structures, such as the workings of the publishing industry, the politics of media concerns and specific social, cultural and economic concerns of the decisionmakers particular to the target culture. In this light, translation strategies gain sense and significance against the backdrop of a sociocultural framework in which the translation is processed. As a result, this study has shown that the social implications of translation theories need to be more refined in order to account for all the processes of crosscultural translational change so as to develop more meticulous methodologies to formulate a sociology of translation and study the translations in their broader social context.
(In) direct (Re) translations of leftist non-fiction in Turkish (1921-2016): Actors and networks
(Thesis (Ph.D.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2018., 2018.) Uslu, Muazzez.; Berk, Özlem.
This study surveys the retranslations of the leftist non-fiction books in Turkish from 1921 to 2016 and scrutinizes the reasons for the second wave retranslations. As The Communist Manifesto was the most frequently translated work, with 38 translations, six translations of the work were analyzed in the framework of an eclectic method based on actor network theory, critical discourse analysis, and an adapted version of Antoine Berman’s translation criticism path. An ideological clash between the first wave indirect and second direct translations was detected in the “voices” rising from paratextual elements. The predominant leftist ideology of the 1960s and the translations its actors produced were being challenged with criticisms and alternative readings and an increasing accumulation of knowledge of Marxism. As a case in point, the corpus of The Communist Manifesto indicated a rejuvenation movement in the Marxist oeuvre because the direct retranslations outnumbered the relay translations in the market in the second wave. Moreover, Turkish leftist discourse was evolving, with reiterations and inculcations.

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