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Don Juan
(1951.) Halman, Talât Sait, 1931-2014.
The enigma of history: |a study of Shakespeare's historical tetralogies
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1981., 1981.) Umur, Nurdan.; Humphreys, Arthur.
Learning problems with -dik and -yen
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1981., 1981.) Garner, Glen.
Nature versus convention: |a study of E. M. Forster's novels
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1982.) Akdeniz, Fatma.; Humphreys, Arthur.
The future reference of the Turkish progressive morpheme [-iyor]
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1982., 1982.) Kurtoğlu, Işıl.
The analysis of Turkish passives in discourse
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Tarzi, Muazzez.
Pronouns as referring expressions in Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Kurtböke, Petek.
Some considerations in teaching Turkish women how to read and write
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Cox, Norma Jeanne.
A linguistic approach to poetry for advanced TFL classes
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1983., 1983.) Bengi, Işın.
A study of errors in learning Turkish: |case endings
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Oğuzkan, Pınar.; Sebüktekin, Hikmet,
Techniques and approaches in teaching reading skills to advanced students
(Thesis (M.A.)- Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Kantaroğlu, Aysun.; Sebüktekin, Hikmet,
Teaching a foreign language has been thought of as developing particular skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The reading skill in language teaching has gained more importance since the 1970's. After the 1970's the general aim is to teach a foreign language to be used for communication. Taking this into consideration, the major goal of a reading program for advanced students can be defined as to teach them to read unknown authentic texts with adequate comprehension. This thesis attempts to present basic reading skills that have to be mastered to comprehend the text adequately. It discusses techniques and approaches in teaching reading, at three phases; pre-reading, while-reading, post-reading. It attempts to point out-areas in which improvements for reading comprehension should be made. Chapter I gives general information about various methods and approaches that have dominated foreign language teaching since the 19th century. Emphasis is put on the teaching of reading in the discussion of these methods. Text which constitutes the core of a reading program should be selected with great care. As will be discussed in Chapter II, criteria such as linguistic level and content of the material, needs and interests of the students, objectives of the program must be considered in text selection. The foreign language learner reads in different ways depending on the purpose and the type of the text. Basic reading skills, such as skimming, scanning, and comprehending, and other subskills that have to be mastered are discussed with illustrative examples in Chapter II. Various techniques and approaches in teaching reading, focusing on vocabulary, structure, and meaning, at pre-reading, while-reading, and post~reading phases are discussed in Chapter III. These points are later illustrated in a sample text. Improvements in reading comprehension are grouped into two: improvements related to the students and improvements related to the instructor of the program. During this discussion, suggestions are made for more efficient teaching of reading.
Tense, aspect and modality in the use of the Turkish aorist
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1984., 1984.) Enmutlu, Nergis.; Taylan, Eser Erguvanlı.
This study is concerned with explicating various temporal, aspectual and modal phenomena involved in the use of aorist in Turkish which is referred to as a present-time denoting suffix in the grammars of the language. The starting point of the study was data analysis. The different uses of the aorist such as: expressing present, future and past time, omnitemporal and gnomic utterances, possibility, necessity and habituality have been dealt with In so doing, it has been found out that aorist is the main way t o express non-deictic propositions in Turkish. It has to be noted that, in the sepropositions, the function ofthe aorist is not one of tense. This point seems t o explain the reason why the Turkish a orist is often referred to as geniş zaman 'broad tense'. It has also been stated that the aorist does have a temporal function but only in expressing past and future. Hence, it can be referred to as a tense only in connection with past and future. One of the important functions of the aorist is to denote possibility and necessity which belong t o the modal scale. All the moda ses of the aorist is the natural outcome of its future reference. The aorist, in its habitual use represents a series of individual events which as a whole make up a state stretching back in to the past and forward in to the future. This aspectual function is the result of a structural description of the world rather than a phenomenal one. This is the main difference between the progressive and aorist in their habitual uses. The above functions of the aorist are examined both in the complex sentences within the study and i n simple sentences that are formed with semantically classified verbs such as state verbs, action verbs, etc., in which the predicate bears the aorist suffix as a separate section i n the appendix t o provide a chance of comparison. It has been put forth that the aorist does not in it self have arhetorical function. The context of utterance and its interaction with linguistic and extra linguistic factors as well as the semantics of the verbs cause the variationin meaning. As a result, it has been proposed that, contrary to the former beliefs, - ( i )r does not denote present time. Hence the thesis provides a warning against careless generalization about tense usage.
Teaching listening comprehension
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 1986., 1986.) Oğul, Emel.
Properties of verbal idioms in Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1997., 1997.) Güven, Mine.; Özsoy, A. Sumru.
This study investigates the notion syntactic jro=enness with respect to Turkish idioms headed by verbs within the framework of generative grammar. The data consist of randomly chosen 725 idioms gathered from the TDK 1988 Tiirk<;e S6=liik. These verbal idioms contain at least one NP constituent and are freely marked with various tense and aspect markers. Based on the number of non-head NPs in an idiom, the nature of the case marker that appears on the non-heads and their argument structures, verbal idioms in Turkish are categorized into eleven subcategories and it is examined whether this categorization is predictive of the syntactic behavior of the data. The syntactic properties considered are argument structure, passivization, relativization, wh-question formation, clefting/pseudo-clefting, pronominalization, and scrambling. A thorough analysis of the morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of the data reveals that the presence vs. absence of phonologically overt case markers on idiomatic NPs plays a major role in the acceptability of syntactic operations. Moreover, it is observed that the grammatical relation of the idiomatic non-head to the head, i.e. the subject vs non-subject distinction is also of consequence. Syntactic frozenness in Turkish verbal idioms is thus defined in terms of the number of obligatory constituents, frozen inflectional endings and the syntactic structure which must be preserved even when the lexical items have been substituted for by other items, and it is claimed that a verbal idiom in Turkish consists of a certain "frame" with pre-specified structural features.
Approaches to wh-structures in Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1999., 1999.) Arslan, Zekiye Ceyda.; Özsoy, A. Sumru.
The aim of this study is to analyze and account for the syntactic properties of wh-structures in Turkish within the Government and Binding framework. Wh-constituents in a Turkish interrogative sentence occurs ttin situ", i.e. in the position where a non-question word with the same grammatical function would occur in the corresponding declarative structure. However, the fact that the wh-element can take the matrix scope without undergoing syntactic movement to clause initial position has led to the assumption that Turkish wh-structures undergo a movement rule at the level of Logical Form (Akar, 1990; Ozsoy, 1990). This study presents arguments for a non-raising analysis: of wh-structures in Turkish. It discusses that the LF wh-movement analysis fails to account for the occurrence of adjunct wh-elements within a sentential subject and a postpositional phrase, and further argues that the interpretation of scope interaction of quantifier phrases, wh-constituents and the operator yalnlZca tonly' is left unexplained. The explanation to these structures is offered along the lines of the wh-indexing analysis proposed by Aoun and Li (1993) who claim that wh-elements in situ do not undergo movement at any syntactic level, but instead, get coindexed with a Qu(estion) operator in the [Spec, CP] position of the clause they have scope over. The function of this Qu operator is to bind and provide an antecedent for the wh-element in situ which thus reflects its scopal properties.
Early verbs and the acquisition of Turkish argument structure
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 1999., 1999.) Ketrez, F. Nihan, 1973-; Taylan, Eser Erguvanlı.; Aksu-Koç, Ayhan.
This thesis analyzes the acquisition of early verbs and Turkish argument structure by four, monolingual Turkish children whose language development is studied longitudinally between the ages 1; 1,19 and 3;3,3. In the first part of the thesis, the early verbs produced by the subjects are described and the emergence of the Turkish verb as a syntactic category is discussed. The main claim in the study is that the subjects go through a developmental stage during which they provide hardly any evidence for the verb category in their speech. Morphological and syntactic evidence for the category start to appear by the age of 1;6-1;7 and its acquisition is completed by 2;0 years of age. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the development of the Turkish argument structure and discusses the acquisition of verbs with various argument frames within the theoretical framework of Prominence Theory proposed by Grimshaw (1992). Two major issues discussed in this part are the development of the syntax-semanticsmorphology interface and the role of the agent in the acquisition of argument structures. The study provides evidence for a semantically based acquisition of the argument structures underlining the importance of the role of the agent in children's early grammar.
On word order in Gostivar Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.) - Bogazici University. Institute of Social Sciences, 2001., 2001.) Tufan, Şirin.; Özsoy, A. Sumru.
This study, first, determines whether G.T. is a free word order language or a configurational language. An analysis of quantifier scope relations in simplex structures in G.T. suggests that G.T. is a configurational language. Hence, a question is raised as to whether G.T. is SVO or SOY language. Focus and quantifier scope relations are used as a testing ground. Simplex sentences with a postverbal complement can receive both focused and non-focused reading on the postverbal complement in G.T, a fact which provides an evidence for the underlyingly SVO structure. It is also evident that in G. T. simplex sentences with a preverbal complement can receive both focused and non-focused reading on the preverbal complement, indicating that such constructions are SOY. Evidence from the structures with quantifier phrases also implies that both SVO and SOY structures are base generated in G. T. The study also gives a description of the word order at phrasal level. The analysis of the phrasal categories shows that there are some phrasal projections which are strictly head-final as well as those which show a variation between headfinal and head-initial nature. Furthennore, wh - constructions are analyzed, the evidence of which shows that wh-constructions in G.T. reveal SOY properties. In conclusion, the study argues that G.T. exhibits properties of a language undergoing a syntactic change with respect to word order. The evidence shows the co-existence of both SOy and SVO structures as base generated in G.T. The SOY nature of G.T. is seen as a result of the fact that G.T. is a Turkic language which is SOY. On the other hand, the SVO properties of G.T. can be argued to reflect the influence of the surrounding IE languages, i.e. Macedonian and Albanian, which are SVO languages.
Acquisition of complementation in Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2002., 2002.) Ciğer, Aslı.; Taylan, Eser Erguvanlı.
This thesis analyzes the acquisition of complement structures in Turkish, concentrating on the acquisition of object complements formed with the nominalizers -mAK, -mA, -DIK and -(y)AcAk. Both naturalistic and experimental data are analyzed. The naturalistic data consists of longitudinal data collected from four monolingual Turkish children between the ages of 1;1,19 and 3;3,3. and the cross-sectional data of 33 children between 2;0 and 4;8. Comprehension and production of each nominalizing suffix are discussed for the naturalistic data. It is observed that -mAK complements with control verbs are acquired first between the ages 2;0-3;0. There are a few examples of -mA complements only around age 3;0 in the speech of one of the subjects. -DIK complements were not observed either in children's speech and were very rare in the adults' speech directed to children.Experimental tasks were carried out with 42 children between the ages 3;0- 6;5. There were different experiments assessing children's production, comprehension and imitation of complementation. The order of acquisition observed is similar to the one in the naturalistic data. -mAK complements were the earliest followed by -DIK and -mA complements. -(y)AcAK complements appeared to be last to be acquired.Both syntactic factors such as control structures and semantics of the verb paly a determining role in the order of acquisition. Finally, acquisition of complement structures appears to involve a verb by verb learning process.
Phonology-syntax interface in Turkish: evidence from binding and scope phenomena
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Oğuşgil, Vahap Atilla.; Özsoy, A. Sumru.
This study analyzes the influence of one particular phonological feature - focus - on binding and scope phenomena in Turkish. The analysis of binding specifically includes pronominal binding. It basically specifies the influence of focus on coreferential reading between a pronoun and its antecedent. With respect to scope phenomena, this study investigates the influence of focus on relative scope order between some quantificational elements including the universal quantifier, the existential quantifier, numerals, reason clauses and negation The basic claim on the interaction of focus with pronominal binding is that focus on either pronoun or its antecedent precludes coreferentiality. The ill-formed sentences in which the antecedent is focused is accounted for by Chomsky's (1981) Leftness Condition (LC). However, it has been noted that the LC is incapable of accounting for ill-formed sentences in which the pronoun, this time, is focused. Consequently, it is pointed out that it is in fact Lujan's (1989) Accessibility Principle (AP) and Bound-Variable Constraint (BVC) which can correctly explain the ill-formed sentences in question. Supportive evidence on the blocking effect of focus on coreferentiality comes from discourse factors according to which the coindexation between a new entity (as a result of focusing) and an old entity gives rise to a clash.With regard to the effect of focus on scope phenomena, it is claimed that two different prosodic patterns yield two different sentences with two different meanings. It has been noted that, the quantificational element, when focused takes wide scope interpretation but when the sentence is uttered with a sentential stress, negation takes wide scope. The focused quantificational element takes its wide scope interpretation through focus movement in the sense of Rizzi (1997) in order to satisfy Focus Criterion (Brody, 1995). The claim on the focused element taking wide scope is supported with the facts observed in the interaction between ne.... ne phrases, focus and negation and also from [wh-] elements having matrix clause scope.
Resumptive pronouns in Turkish
(Thesis (M.A.)-Bogazici University. Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, 2004., 2004.) Meral, Hasan Mesud.; Özsoy, A. Sumru.
This study analyzes the distributional properties of resumptive pronouns, relative clause formation and the nature of the A'-dependency between the resumptive pronoun and its antecedent in Turkish. With respect to the distributional properties, it is argued that Empty Category Principle can account for the alternation between the traces and corresponding resumptive pronouns. The basic claim in this thesis is that resumptive pronouns in Turkish relative clauses are syntactic variables which are bound by a null operator in Spec-CP position. This claim is supported with the facts observed by considering the Condition C effects (strong and weak cross-over phenomena), coordination structures and parasitic gap constructions in Turkish. It has also been noted that relative clause constructions in Turkish can either be derived by empty operator movement proposed by Chomsky (1977, 1981) and head raising by Kayne (1994). The description of the distributional properties of the resumptive pronouns indicates that they are optional in some syntactic positions and obligatory in some others. There is also one position in which the occurrence of a resumptive pronoun is prohibited. For all of syntactic environments in which a resumptive pronoun occurs, it is pointed out that Empty Category Principle (Chomsky 1981, 1982, 1986b, Rizzi 1990) can account for the optionality vs. obligatoriness of the resumptive pronoun.It is pointed in this study that relative clauses in Turkish can both be derived by operator movement in Chomsky (1977, 19891) and head raising in Kayne (1994). However, the restrictive reading and free ordering of relative clauses among other prenominal modifiers indicate that relative clauses are not complementation structures as Kayne (1994) argues, but are adjunction structures with respect to their relations to the head noun.In conclusion, the facts about the distributional properties of the resumptive pronouns, relative clauses, reconstruction effects and Condition C violations observed in this study are analyzed to support the claim that RPs are syntactic variables at the level of S-Structure.

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